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Draw 1
001 1-1a: 1A basement; rift_passive_margin;
Basement Grenville gneiss; weakly foliated thin banded migmatitic gneiss
composed of quartz feldspar and mica; note boudinage ductile fabric on
one of the surfaces, as well as a set of brittle fault on the same surface;
drawer 200-1-1; box.
002 1-1f1, 1-1f2: 1B1 continental
glacial rift_passive_margin; planar laminated mudstone/siltstone; low energy
varves; drawer 1-1f1 in 200-1-1; LARGE specimen 1-1f2 in box 452; also
used in LAB0
003 1-1h: 1B1 continental
glacial rift_passive_margin; unsorted granite cobble conglomerate - diamictite;
glacial deposit; rock flour, ice abrasion, polymictic = broad source area;
box 452
005 1-1k: 1B2 aeolian; rift_passive_margin; tan-grey, gritty
quartz santstone to siltstone; cross lamination with centimetre-decimetre
scale amplitude; quartz composition and scale of bedforms suggestive of
aeolian, dune like setting; drawer 200-1-SHELF;
006 1-2-1a: 1C fluvial
conglomerate; rift_passive_margin; graded quartz pebble sandstone and granite
cobble conglomerate; dull grey silty matrix; grading = turbulent transport
in an aqueous medium- mature fluvial deposit with rounded grains dominated
by quartzite, granite, and quartz crystals; drawer 200-1-1; box.
007 1-2-1c1 1-2-1c2:
1C fluvial conglomerate; rift_passive_margin; quartz-quartzite cobble conglomerate;
faint grading in planar bed; mature fluvial or alluvial setting, roundness
= sedimentologically mature, monomictic = homogenous source; drawer 200-1-1;
box. also used in LAB0
008 1-2-1d: 1C fluvial
conglomerate; rift_passive_margin; quartzite cobble conglomerate; grain
contacts not sutured; monomictic = homogeneous source, high energy environment
of deposition; drawer 200-1-1; box.
009 1-2-1e:
1C fluvial conglomerate; rift_passive_margin; tan quartz pebble conglomerate
or grit; matrix supported, well sorted; subangular grains = moderate maturity,
monommictic; drawer 200-1-1; box.
010 1-4f1 1-4f2:
1C fluvial sandstones; rift_passive_margin; tan-grey siltstone with sinuous
crested ripple lamination; trough cross bedding;; drawer 200-1-1; box.
011 1-1g: 1D lacustrine;
rift_passive_margin; planar laminated lacustrine mudstone with flame structures;
see Boggs, p. 379; low energy varves; drawer 200-1-1; box.
012 1-5e: 1D lacustrine;
rift_passive_margin; tan coloured siltstone with abundant fragments of
fossil fish and bivalves; low energy environment of deposition suitable
for preservation of delicate fossils, possibly in a somewhat protected
back-reef with abundant food supply in a shallow, warm water setting -
alternatively, these could be fresh water fossils from a lake deposit;
drawer 200-1-1; box.
013 1-3d-1: 1E1 lagoonal;
rift_passive_margin; dark grey lime mudstone; no lamination but faint shaley
cleavage; faint allignment of plant debris; supratidal env periodically
flooded; drawer 200-1-1; box.
014 1-3d-2: 1E1 lagoonal;
rift_passive_margin; Glossopteris, Carboniferous Gondwana plant par-exellence;
donated by Alf Lenz; drawer 200-1-1; box.
015 1-3d-3: 1E1 lagoonal;
rift_passive_margin; plant debris in shale; Carboniferous swamp; drawer
200-1-1; box.
Draw 2
016 1-3l: 1E2 estuarine;
rift-passive margin; Brackish water oyster bed; drawer 200-1-2; box.
017 1-3k: 1E2 estuarine;
rift-passive margin; Brackish water oyster bed; drawer 200-1-2; box.
018 1-2-2a:
1F volcanic rift_passive_margin; dull green feldspar glomerocrystic basalt;
Keweenawan daisy stone; 5 to >10 zoned plagioclase crystals in radiating
aggregates; extrusive remnants of mantle upwelling which caused rifting;
drawer 200-1-2; box. also used on LAB0.
019 1-2-2b: 1F volcanic
rift_passive_margin; Keweenawan red quartz-eye dacite with abundant native
copper; massive rock fabric, even dissemination of quartz eyes, pervasive
hematite alteration of rock; hydrothermal shattering of dacite and formation
of copper as a late replacement formed in the interstices of dacite fragments
altered to hematite; drawer 200-1-2; box.
020 1-3c: 1G evaporites;
rift_passive_margin; pale grey lime mudstone; evaporite and/or calcite
crystals outline mudcracks; no bedding; supratidal env periodically flooded,
arid climate; drawer 200-1-2; box.
021 1-3f: 1G evaporites;
rift_passive_margin; halite; translucent, soft, "salty"; supratidal, arid
environment periodically flooded; drawer 200-1-2; box.
022 1-3g: 1G evaporites;
rift_passive_margin; beige gypsum and white anhydrite; beds with ball and
pillow like, convolute form are density/compaction structures; supratidal,
arid environment; drawer 200-1-2; box.
023 1-3h: 1G evaporites;
rift_passive_margin; chalky white gypsum and dull grey lime mudstone; irregular
beds are density compaction feature; anhydrite = dewatering of gypsum during
burial; intratidal, arid environment, Sabkha - alternating shallow marine
and subaerial/lagoonal; box 453;
024 1-3i: 1G evaporites;
rift_passive_margin; tan-buff, soft anhydrite; not laminated; chicken wire
habit from dehydration of gypsum; Sabkha, supratidal, arid environment;
box 453;
030 1-3a: 1H continental upper delta mud flats; rift_passive_margin;
red, mudcracked mudstone; tops evident, faint planar lamination; supratidal
env periodically flooded, arid climate; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
031 1-3b: 1H continental
upper delta mud flats; rift_passive_margin; red mudcracked mudstone; tops
evident, no lamination; supratidal; env periodically flooded, arid climate;
drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
040 1-4b: 1I1 beach; rift_passive_margin; tan, well sorted,
massive, gritty quartz sandstone; faint planar lamination; grain size and
planar lamination indicate high energy environment of deposition; near
shore, intertidal; drawer 200-1-2; box.
041 1-4c: 1I4 delta; rift_passive_margin;
red sandstone, branching symmetrical ripples; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
042 1-4d: 1I1 beach; rift_passive_margin;
dark grey on fresh, tan-grey weathered, trough cross laminated siltstone;
bedforms and grain size indicate moderate energy environment, near shore,
intertidal; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
043 1-4k: 1I1 beach; rift_passive_margin;
tan-brown, gritty, well sorted sandstone with climbing cross ripples; quartz
content and ripples indicate moderate to high energy setting in shallow
marine or fluvial system feeding shoreline; drawer 200-1-2; box.
044 1-1b: 1I2 beach; rift_passive_margin;
mature compositionally layered quartzite; box 452;
045 1-1d; 2 samples: 1I2
beach; rift_passive_margin; mature quartz-jasper pebble conglomerate; unsorted,
siliceous matrix; matrix supported; alluvial deposit; Precambrian, Huronian;
drawer 200-1-2; box.
046 1-1e: 1I2 beach; rift_passive_margin;
mature graded quartz-jasper conglomerate and quartz sandstone; grading
= turbulent transport in a subaqueous medium; only most resistent jasper
and quartzite lithologies; perhaps a lag conglomerate; box 452.
Draw 3
047 1-4a: 1I3 beach; rift_passive_margin; tan-beige, gritty,
well sorted, massive packstone; high-energy, shallow marine, warm, intertidal
setting- high energy because dark colored micrite has been winnowed out;
drawer 200-1-3; box.
050 1-4e: 1I4 delta; rift_passive_margin; well sorted
grey siltstone; symmetric, straight crested ripple lamination with cm-scale
wavelength and mm-scale amplitude; bedform and grain size indicate moderate
energy, intertidal environment; near shore; drawer 200-1-SHELF near window;
051 1-4g: 1I4 delta; rift_passive_margin;
tan-grey siltstone with cross ripple lamination and slump like contorted
lamination; grain size and bedform indicate moderate energy, intertidal,
upper delta near shore environment; drawer 200-1-3; box.
060 1-5a: 1J marine inner
shelf; rift_passive_margin; wavy laminated and thinly bedded, dark grey
lime mudstone and discontinuous, brown siliceous laminae which pinch and
well; possibly algal in nature- stromatolite; rock now very siliceous;
shallow marine, relatively low energy to produce thin planar laminae- protected,
warm environment like a back reef; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
061 1-3e-1: 1J stromatolites;
rift_passive_margin; beige to buff lime mudstone- bulbous stromatolite,
silicified- planar, wavy, and pseudo-columnar laminar structure; intratidal,
restricted marine (saline) environment with few preditors; photosynthesizer
= euphotic zone- laminae probably = sediment then algae, sediment, then
algae, and so on (algal mats act as sediment traps); drawer 200-1-4; box.
062 1-3e-2: 1J stromatolites; rift_passive_margin; beige
to buff lime mudstone- bulbous stromatolite, silicified- planar, wavy,
and pseudo-columnar laminar structure; intratidal, restricted marine (saline)
environment with few preditors; photosynthesizer = euphotic zone- laminae
probably = sediment then algae, sediment, then algae, and so on (algal
mats act as sediment traps); drawer 200-1-4; box.
063 1-3e-3: 1J stromatolites; rift_passive_margin; beige
to buff lime mudstone- bulbous stromatolite, silicified- planar, wavy,
and pseudo-columnar laminar structure; intratidal, restricted marine (saline)
environment with few preditors; photosynthesizer = euphotic zone- laminae
probably = sediment then algae, sediment, then algae, and so on (algal
mats act as sediment traps; drawer 200-1-4; box.
064 1-3e-4: 1J stromatolites;
rift_passive_margin; beige to buff lime mudstone - bulbous stromatolite,
silicified- planar, wavy, and pseudo-columnar laminar structure; intratidal,
restricted marine (saline) environment with few preditors; photosynthesizer
= euphotic zone- laminae probably = sediment then algae, sediment, then
algae, and so on (algal mats act as sediment traps; drawer 200-1-SHELF;
box.
065 1-4-13: 1J,K dominantly
oolitic carbonate but with prominent stromatolitic layers; rift_passive_margin;
drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
070 1-4h: 1K carbonate beach;
rift_passive_margin; grey black oolitic limestone; faint planar fabric,
bedding, defined by oolite concentrations;oids have cloudy siliceous cores;
high energy, warm water, intertidal environment with constant agitation;
drawer 200-1-3; box.
071 1-5b: 1L back-reef rift_passive_margin;
chalky tan-beige limestone with irregular network of burrows 1-2 cm in
diameter, branching and cylindrical, infilled with dark grey micrite, rare
collapsed burrow walls, most sub-parallel, presumably from the predominance
of downward burrowing organisms; warm, shallow marine setting; quiet energy
with soft seafloor, and low sedimentation rates so fauna not buried and
hence killed; drawer 200-1-3; box.
072 1-5c: 1L back-reef rift_passive_margin;
medium grey, massive, unsorted lime mudstone; faint planar fissility, rare
bivalves, one large chitonous test=?trilobite; warm water, low energy setting,
perhaps protected back reef where undisrupted settling of carbonate sediment
on the seafloor with no subsequent sorting; box 454;
073 1-7a-1: 1L back-reef
rift_passive_margin; fossiliferous micritic limestone; fossil rich base
of bed with brachiopod valves in concave-up position; this is the hydrodynamically
stable position for a valve which has gravitationally settled to the seafloor;
back reef or open marine shelf, photic zone, warm water, low energy or
benthos tossed about too much; sample has predominantly articulated in-life-position
fossils more indicative of instantaneous burial of a colonized sea floor,
perhaps by a storm; box 454;
080 1-6a1: 1M reef rift_passive_margin;
brown weathered cateniform tabulate coral framestone; pervasive silicification
and dolomitization; reef environment, warm marine setting in equatorial
latitude; not encrusting but mound building by high in-situ carbonate production
and rapid sediment stabilization; drawer 200-1-3; box.
081 1-6a2: 1M reef rift_passive_margin; brown weathered cateniform
tabulate coral framestone; pervasive silicification and dolomitization;
reef environment, warm marine setting in equatorial latitude; not encrusting
but mound building by high in-situ carbonate production and rapid sediment
stabalization; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box. used in LAB0.
082 1-6b: 1M reef rift_passive_margin;
grey weathered coral framestone or skeletal floatstone, unsorted whole
fossil and fossil fragment alochems in light grey wackestone matrix; diffuse
bedding defined by concentrations of fossil fragments, paralleled by large
solitary rugose corals; cerioid tabulate corals in-situ; reef environment
in warm marine setting, equatorial latitude; not mound growth by encrusting
but high in-situ carbonate production and stabalization; drawer 200-1-SHELF;
box.
090 1-7b: 1N inner carbonate
shelf rift_passive_margin; light grey crinoid skeletal packstone; well
sorted, not graded, even fossil content throughout slab thickness, no stuctures,
three large stem pieces all oriented the same way; open marine setting,
low energy, warm water, shelf within the euphotic zone, high level filter
feeders cannot stand high energy; possible storm bottom current fossil
concentration; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
091 1-7a-2: 1N marginal
marine rift_passive_margin; dull grey skeletal packstone, mainly brachiopod
and bryozoan bioherm; shelly sand bank or open marine shelf; drawer 200-1-3;
box
092 1-7a-3: 1N marginal
marine rift_passive_margin; dull grey skeletal packstone, mainly brachiopod
and bryozoan bioherm; shelly sand bank or open marine shelf; drawer 200-1-3;
box
Draw 4
100 1-8a: 1O1 inner shelf
rift_passive_margin; cloudy or milky grey silicified breccia with elongated,
imbricated clasts in a mudstone matrix; high energy current-generated imbrication,
storm-induced bottom currents mobilize sediment down a slope; drawer 200-1-4;
box.
101 1-8b: 1O1 inner shelf rift_passive_margin; greenish sandstone-mudstone
couplets of centimetre scale thickness, sharp bed contacts overall planar.
Tops of sandstone couplets are rippled ; mudstone exhibits upward widening
fractures filled with sandy material; how did the fracures form; shelf
margin, above wave base; drawer 200-1-4; box.
102 1-8c: 1O1 inner shelf
rift_passive_margin; greenish sandstone - mudstone couplets of centimetre
scale thickness; mudstone exhibits dewatering fractures and the tops of
the sandstone units are rippled and eroded; one sandstone unit is cross-laminated,
the other unit is straight laminated; sandstone units are storm deposits
and the mudstones interstorm muds?? ; shelf margin above storm wave-base;
drawer 200-1-4; box.
103 1-8d: 1O1 inner shelf rift_passive_margin; greenisn sandstone
- mudstone unit; tops of sandstone units are rippled; storm deposits; drawer
200-1-5; box.
104 1-8e: 1O1 inner shelf rift_passive_margin; greenish
sandstone - mudstone mudstone contains a sandstone pillow (ball and pillow
structure) that has sunk to the bottom of the mudstone; sandstone units
are storm deposits and the mudstones interstorm muds?? ; shelf margin above
storm wave-base; drawer 200-1-4; box.
105 1-8f: 1O1 inner shelf
rift_passive_margin; symmetrical wave rippled sandstone; rippled by wave
action; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
106 1-8g: 1O2 outer shelf
rift_passive_margin; tan micritic silt/mudstone with chaotic laminae indicative
of turbulent slump redistribution of sediment; carbonate shelf; drawer
200-1-4; box.
107 1-8h: 1O1 outer_shelf;
rift_and_passive_margin; lime mudstones with bioturbated layers; outer
shelf; drawer 200-1-4; box.
108 1-8i: 1O1 outer_shelf;
rift_and_passive_margin; lime mudstones with bioturbated layers; outer
shelf; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
109 1-5d: 1O2 outer shelf
rift_passive_margin; dull grey skeletal wackestone with scattered centimetre
scale intraclasts of wackestone, one centimetre thick bed of lime mudstone;
one pervasively burrowed bed surface, burrows parallel to bed surface;
diffuse, discontinuous lamination reflects compaction, nondistinct skeletal
fragment concentrations may be storm events; warm, low energy marine setting,
possibly below storm wave-base or a protected back reef setting with cylcic
sediment influx and overall low sedimentation rates; drawer 1-200-SHELF;
box.
Draw 5
120 1-8j1 1-8j2:
1P proximal slope and rise; rift_passive_margin; dirty grey, monmictic,
muddy limestone conglomerate; unsorted but rounded cobbles; olistostrome
from slurry of sediment of mud to cobble grain size and calcareous and
non-calcareous composition; turbiditic debris flow; foreland basin facies,
Western Newfoundlan; drawer 200-1-5; box.
121 1-8k: 1P proximal slope
and rise; rift_passive_margin; grey, unsorted, massive mudstone pebble
conglomerate; angular and rounded grains, rare large wackestone cobbles;
fine grained debris flow; Ordovician foreland basin, Western Newfoundland;
drawer 200-1-5; box.
130 1-8l: 1Q fan slope and
rise; rift_passive_margin; dull grey to brown, upward fining pebble conglomerate
to sandstone-siltstone- graded bed; ? part of turbidite depositional unit;
slope facies, proximal to sediment source; drawer 200-1-5; box.
131 1-8m: 1Q fan slope and
rise; rift_passive_margin; brown-red weather mudstone with chaotic dark
brown laminae indicative of turbulent slump-like redistribution of sediment;
slope facies, carbonate shelf margin; drawer 200-1-5; box.
132 1-8n: 1Q fan slope and rise; rift_passive_margin; turbiditic
sandstone exhibiting ball and pillow load coast phenomena; Ordovician foreland
basin; drawer 200-1-SHELF; box.
133 1-8o: 1Q fan slope and
rise; rift_passive_margin; dark grey limes mudstone or fine-grained skeletal
wackestone, sharp, planar mudstone wackestone bed contact on one surface,
large gutter cast, one large graptolite; dark colour, and pelagic fossils
suggest toe of slope or basinal facies, but still within the carbonate
compensation depth, gutter cast suggest storm bottom current gouging; note
graptolite parallel to current scour feature; drawer 200-1-5; box.
140 1-9a: 1R abyssal rift_passive_margin; dark grey lime
mudstone with faint shaley fissility; open ocean basinal setting; colour
= high organic content = high surface waters production of organic material
by nanoplankton etc. and high preservation rates in a low energy, low oxygen
(deep) environment; drawer 200-1-5; box.
141 1-9b: 1R abyssal rift_passive_margin;
dark grey lime mudstone with good shaley fissility; trilobites on one surface;
colour = open marine, deep basinal setting with low oxygen and low energy
for high preservation of organics; trilobites most common in basinal facies;
drawer 200-1-5; box.
142 1-9c: 1R abyssal rift_passive_margin;
dark grey lime mudstone, slabby not fissile, many graptolites with preferred
orientation on the bedding plane; colour = deep, open ocean basinal setting
with low energy and low oxygen for high preservation of organics; fossil
allignment = bottom current swells from storms, therefore still on the
continental shelf ?(i.e. 200-300 m depth); drawer 200-1-5; box.
143 1-9d; 2 samples: 1R
abyssal rift_to_passive_margin; dark to medium grey siltstone or mudstone
with a faint shaley fissility and abundant very low profile inarticulate
Orbiculina (Lingula?) brachiopods preserved on partings; low energy environment
of deposition, probably open ocean, with high preservation rates of delicate
fossils, and fine organic material which gives rock its dark colour; drawer
200-1-5; box.
150 1-11a: 1S ocean ridge; rift_passive_margin;
grey laminated mudstone and red chert or jasper, sharp and planar beds
and laminae; pelagic sedimentation in deep open ocean basinal setting below
carbonate compensation depth; chert-mudstone alternation from cyclicity
in pelagic sedimentat production or from turbidite deposition in the basin
of predominantly pelagic ooze accumulation; drawer 200-1-5; box.
151 1-11b: 1S ocean ridge;
rift_passive_margin; tan or cream colored, fainly compositionally laminated
chert; dense, siliceous, brittle; mottled texture = change from opaline
silica to quartz or hydrothermal alteration by silica rich fluids which
silicify and mottle siliceous rock;; drawer 200-1-5; box.
160 1-10a: 1T mid-ocean ridge; rift_passive_margin; dark
grey, massive or even textured, subdiabasic gabbro; feldspar and pyroxene
mainly; sill injection in shelf or basin setting; remnant rift-driving
mantle convection and upwelling; drawer 200-1-5; box.
161 1-10b: 1T mid-ocean ridge; rift_passive_margin; dull,
earthy grey-green, massive, featureless gabbro; texture from chlorite alteration
of pyroxene, carbonate and epidote alteration of feldspar; earthy smell
from clay alteration of feldspar; seafloor alteration of shallow gabbro
sill injection; drawer 200-1-5; box.
162 1-12: 1T mid-ocean ridge; rift_passive_margin; foliated
gabbro; the sample bears the imprint of high temperature plastic deformation
related to sea-floor spreading; contains brown amphibole indicating that
some sea water has had egress to the sample during the deformation; drawer
200-1-5; box.
FIGURES
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