Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed. Chicago and London: U of Chicago

P, 1983.

[An immensely influential study of the mechanics of the novel form over the last 300 years; some of its critical assumptions are now out of favour, but it remains a very worthwhile book. A second edition was published in 1983 (see shelfmarks below).]

Karl, Frederick R. The Adversary Literature; The English Novel in the Eighteenth

Century: A Study in Genre. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, [1974].

[Also published as A Reader's Guide to the Eighteenth-Century Novel, this is a useful introduction to the form.]

McKeon, Michael. The Origins of the English Novel 1600-1740. Baltimore: John

Hopkins UP, 1987.

[One of the more recent and challenging histories of the development and history of the form, it also has much to say on many of the texts that we will be discussing. It is, however, rather heavy going.]

Pooley, Roger. English Prose of the Seventeenth Century, 1590-1700. London ; New

York : Longman, 1992.

[Although not about the novel per se, this contains some interesting insights into the forms of prose and prose fiction that preceded that genre.]

Probyn, Clive T. English Fiction of the Eighteenth Century, 1700-1789. London ; New

York : Longman, 1987.

[Another useful introduction by a well-known critic.]

Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. Berkeley:

U of California P, 1957.

[Although now to some degree superseded by McKeon's study, this remains an extremely useful and readable study of the development of the novel, with an emphasis upon Defoe and Richardson. Definitely worth a look. This study has been reprinted on a number of occasions.]

Bevis, Richard W. English Drama: Restoration and Eighteenth Century, 1660-1789.

London; New York: Longman, 1988.

Powell, Jocelyn. Restoration Theatre Production. Theatre Production Studies.

London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984.

[A very interesting and worthwhile study of the Restoration theatre: plays given in-depth treatment include Dryden and Davenant's The Tempest, Dryden's The Conquest of Granada, Wycherley's The Country Wife, Otway's Venice Preserv'd, and Congreve's The Way of the World. The focus throughout is on the actual staging of plays in the period; this study is a very useful introduction to the milieu of Restoration drama. Highly recommended as background to anyone writing on the theatre of this period.]

Cope, Kevin L., ed. Enlightening Allegory: Theory, Practice and Contexts of Allegory in

the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. New York: AMS Press, 1993.

[A collection of essays on the many functions and uses of allegory in the literature of the eighteenth-century: authors discussed include Berkeley, Swift, Pope, Gay, Reynolds, and Blake. There are also essays on the reception of Paradise Lost in the period, dramatic uses of allegory, and personification.]

Alden, Raymond Macdonald. The Rise of Formal Satire in England Under Classical

Influence. University of Pennsylvania Series in Philology, Literature and Archaeology 7.2. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1899.

[An obviously very old-fashioned study of formal verse satire, primarily of use today as a reference guide to out-of-the-way poetry.]

Anderson, William S. Essays on Roman Satire. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1982.

[Although primarily concerned with classical satire, Anderson's work has had an important influence on rhetorical approaches to satire in English satire as well. Despite its reliance upon the dicta of New Criticism, this remains a worthwhile study.]

Anselment, Raymond A. "Betwixt Jest and Earnest": Marprelate, Milton, Marvell,

Swift, and the Decorum of Religious Ridicule. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1979.

[A really superb study of the religious and moral implications of prose satire from the late 16th through to the early 18th centuries. This is an invaluable work, in particular, for anyone interested in the problematic moral utility of satire, and opposition to that genre.]

Bloom, Edward A., and Lillian D. Bloom. Satire's Persuasive Voice. Ithaca and

London: Cornell UP, 1979.

[A very broad and sometimes useful study in the "rhetorical" tradition of satire criticism.]

Bond, Richmond P. English Burlesque Poetry, 1700-1750. 1932. New York: Russell and

Russell, 1964.

[An old, but invaluable work on the "burlesque" tradition in satire. Althought it now seems critically unsophisticated, it remains a very useful introduction to this subgenre.]

Boyce, Benjamin (with Chester Noyes Greenough). The Theophrastan Character in

England to 1642. Cambridge MA: Harvard UP, 1947.

[A good introduction to the tradition of Theophrastan prose "character," yet another satiric subgenre that was particularly popular in the seventeenth century. This study was reprinted in 1967.]

—. The Polemic Character, 1640-1661: A Chapter in English Literary History. 1955.

New York: Octagon Books, 1969.

[This is a kind of continuation of Boyce's earlier study, above.]

Brower, Reuben A. Mirror on Mirror: Translation, Imitation, Parody. Cambridge, MA:

Harvard UP, 1974.

[Although broadly concerned with a number of issues beyond satire, this study includes a useful discussion of the satiric "imitation," and translation's relation to another satiric form, parody. It also includes an interesting discussion of Pope's Rape of the Lock.]

Browning, J. D., ed. Satire in the Eighteenth Century. New York and London: Garland,

1983.

[A useful collection of articles and excerpts from (relatively) modern approaches to satire.]

Cannan, Gilbert. Satire. New York: George H. Doran, 1914.

[Age has rendered this study almost valueless: of real interest only to the student who is working on the history of twentieth-century approaches to the genre.]

Connery, Brian A., and Kirk Combe, eds. Theorizing Satire: Essays in Literary

Criticism. New York: St. Martin's P, 1995.

[A very worthwhile collection of essays, with a strongly theoretical bent. While some of theoretical premises of these articles seem already somewhat out-of-date, there remains some very valuable information and analysis here. The volume includes some good discussions of the evolution of satire through the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, as well as a fair amount of material on Swift.]

Dixon, Peter. The World of Pope's Satires: An Introduction to the "Epistles" and

"Imitations of Horace." London: Methuen, 1968.

[Dixon's particular interest has been the employment of rhetoric in early modern texts. This study has some very worthwhile things to say about "imitation" (another satiric subgenre), satiric rhetoric, classical models for formal verse satire and, of course, Pope's imitations of Horace. Weldon possesses three copies of this study.]

Doody, Margaret Anne. The Daring Muse: Augustan Poetry Reconsidered.

Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1985.

[A broad introduction to the poetry of the period which includes a very nice section on satire.]

Elliott, Robert C. The Power of Satire: Magic, Ritual, Art. Princeton: Princeton UP,

1960.

[Something of a "classic," and deservedly so: Elliott's enormously influential book approached satire from a very broad and almost "anthropological" perspective: his attempt to relate more "literary" forms of satire with "popular" or "folk" expressions of the satiric impulse produces some fascinating insights into the motives, forms, and effects of the genre. The book is, however, very much a product of its time, and its concerns associate it with "archetypal" or formalist approaches (see for example Frye, below); it should be approached with this in mind. Weldon possesses no less than 10 copies of this work, in editions ranging from the first (1960) to 1966.]

Farley-Hills, David. The Benevolence of Laughter: Comic Poetry of the

Commonwealth and Restoration. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1974.

[A very accessible and worthwhile overview of satiric and comic poetry of the last half of the seventeenth-century; it includes extended discussions of Butler, Dryden, and Rochester. Arguably, however, Farley-Hills' work is flawed by its tendency to view nearly all forms of satire as "comic" and essentially benevolent.]

Frye, Northrop. An Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. 1957. Princeton: Princeton UP,

1971.

[This enormously influential work of mid-twentieth-century literary theory includes a very interesting, and oft-cited discussion of satire, as part of its discussion of the "ironic mode." Frye's approach can now seem somewhat formulaic and rigid, but his insights into the workings of the genre remain very worthwhile.]

Griffin, Dustin H. Satire: A Critical Reintroduction. [Lexington]: UP of Kentucky, 1994.

[A very worthwhile introduction to the theory of satire, with a focus upon Dryden's "Essay on the Original and Progress of Satyr," but with an eye, as well, to recent theoretical approaches. The book includes a good introduction to Menippean satire, as well. Griffin (who is best known as a Rochester scholar) gives a great deal of worthwhile detail, but the book remains an excellent place for the newcomer to begin.]

Hammer, Stephanie Barbé. Satirizing the Satirist: Critical Dynamics in Swift, Diderot,

and Jean Paul. New York: Garland, 1990.

[A late attempt to graft some of Alvin Kernan's insights (see above) on to satire to a more "up-to-date" critical approach. Useful, but not entirely successful.]

Harth, Phillip. Pen for a Party: Dryden's Tory Propaganda in Its Contexts. Princeton:

Princeton UP, 1993.

[Although not on the subject of satire per se, Harth's book is an exemplary study of topical satire as political propaganda: it examines, in astonishing detail, the "pamphlet wars" engendered by the Popish Plot and Exclusion Crisis, with a focus upon the contexts for Dryden's contributions. A good model for historicist approaches to the genre.]

Heath-Stubbs, John. The Verse Satire. London: Oxford UP, 1969.

[A reasonably useful undergraduate introduction to satiric poetry, but now somewhat out-of-date.]

Highet, Gilbert. Juvenal the Satirist, A Study. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.

[An important study by one of the last century's foremost classically-oriented critics of satire. Highet's approach is putatively historical, but teeters uncomfortably close to a rather primitive form of biographical criticism at times. W. S. Anderson's "rhetorical" approach to classical satire (see above) was produced, in large measure, as a corrective to Highet's influential work.]

—. The Anatomy of Satire. 1962. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1972.

[This book can be seen, to some degree, as an extension of Highet's quasi-biographical approach to the whole spectrum of satire; it suffers, as well, from a tendency to employ a kind of encyclopaedic formalism to its subject. Largely useful as a reference guide. Weldon possesses 4 copies of this work.]

Ingram, Allan. Intricate Laughter in the Satire of Swift and Pope. New York: St.

Martin's P, 1982.

[Although focussed upon the satire of Pope and Swift, this interesting study includes some excellent background on eighteenth-century attitudes towards ridicule and laughter.]

Jack, Ian. Augustan Satire: Intention and Idiom in English Poetry, 1660-1750. Oxford:

Clarendon, 1952.

[A standard study of the genre until comparatively recently, Jack's book is brief, well-written, and full of interesting insights, but has, overall, been left behind by more recent approaches. Weldon possesses numerous copies of this work, in a number of editions.]

Jensen, H. James, and Malvin R. Zirker, eds. The Satirist's Art. Bloomington and

London: Indiana UP, 1972.

[An interesting and worthwhile collection of essays that very nicely epitomize the "state of satire studies" as they were about 30 years ago. Despite the age, there is some worthwhile material here.]

Kernan, Alvin. The Cankered Muse: Satire of the English Renaissance. New Haven:

Yale UP, 1959.

[Possibly the single most influential book on satire in the last century, Kernan's book focusses upon Elizabethan and Jacobean verse satire and drama. Kernan's innovation — which had implications that went far beyond his putative historical subject — was to apply the methodologies of New Criticism to the genre; the result, which redirected attention away from the historically "real" satirist (for whom Kernan substitutes an ironic figure, a "satirist-satirized," within the work itself), and toward the language and rhetorical complexity of the literary work. This study truly revolutionized satire studies, and remains worthwhile, although many of its critical assumptions have, of course, since been challenged.]

—. The Plot of Satire. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1965.

[This study represents Kernan's not entirely successful attempt to apply his "rhetorical" methodology to a broader range of texts. His "ironic" readings of the satires he examines are not always convincing.]

Kitchin, George. A Survey of Burlesque and Parody in English. Edinburgh and London:

Oliver and Boyd, 1931.

[ A very serviceable overview of burlesque and parody; critically unsophisticated, with a generally formalist bent, this work is still useful as a reference guide.]

Leyburn, Ellen Douglass. Satiric Allegory: Mirror of Man. 1956. Hamden, CT: Archon,

1969.

[ A rather out-of-date and occasionally drab examination of allegory in satire.]

Lord, George deForest. Classical Presences in Seventeenth-Century English Poetry.

New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1987

[In this collection of essays, most of which do not concern satire, Lord (who is best known as the general editor of the Yale collection of Restoration satire, Poems on Affairs State) includes a very interesting article on "Satire and Sedition"; this strongly historicist paper examines topical "seditious" satire of the Restoration, and government responses to it.]

Love, Harold. Scribal Publication in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford: Clarendon,

1993.

[Love's study of manuscript publication in the seventeenth-century has become the standard work on the subject: it is noted here because of its superb chapter on the traditions of "Restoration Scriptorial Satire," of the sort most closely associated with the "Court Wits" (Love is a Rochester scholar).]

Mack, Maynard. "The Muse of Satire." Yale Review 41 (1951): 80-92.

[Maynard Mack has been, arguably, the most important Pope scholar since the eighteenth-century. In this enormously influential and important article, Mack sought to overturn older "biographical" approaches to Pope's satire, and replace them with an historically informed rhetorical approach that distanced the poet from his text, and allowed for a more dispassionate and objective view of his satiric achievement. Mack was, to some degree, anticipating the work of Alvin Kernan (see above); he differs from the latter, however, in his more solidly historicist approach. In a sense, no student today needs to read this article: its assumptions are, to various degrees, built into virtually every work of satire criticism that has come since. Nonetheless, it remains an excellent and very readable (and laudably brief) introduction to rhetorical approaches to the genre.]

Nevo, Ruth. The Dial of Virtue: A Study of Poems on Affairs of State in the Seventeenth

Century. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1963.

[Nevo's book, although now some 40 years old, remains a very worthwhile overview of the topical satire of seventeenth century. Although her older form of historicism now seems dated, Nevo's survey provides an excellent introduction to the larger context of Restoration satire.]

Nichols, James W. Insinuation: The Tactics of English Satire. The Hague and Paris:

Mouton, 1971.

Nokes, David. Raillery and Rage: A Study of Eighteenth Century Satire. Brighton:

Harvester P, 1987.

[An excellent introduction to eighteenth-century satire by a respected Swift scholar. Nokes very nicely sums up many of the more worthwhile critical approaches to the genre that have been produced in the latter part of the twentieth-century.]

Nussbaum, Felicity. The Brink of All We Hate: English Satires on Women 1660-1750.

[Lexington]: UP of Kentucky, 1984.

[This remains the best (and, indeed, virtually only) study devoted to the important and prevalent misogynist satirical tradition in satire. Nussbaum occasionally overstates her case, but her work remains an excellent study of a tradition that was all but neglected until recently.]

Paulson, Ronald. The Fictions of Satire. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1967.

[Paulson's books remains, despite its age, one of the most interesting theoretical examinations of satire available. Its focus is upon the eighteenth century and earlier; it differs from most other studies, however, in the range of the connections it draws between different types of satire and satirical literature; it includes particularly worthwhile discussions of the influence of Lucian, Cervantes, and Milton. It is also very good on the figure of the "satirist," as a rhetorical construct. Weldon possesses two copies of this work.]

Rawson, Claude. Satire and Sentiment 1660-1830. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.

[ A very interesting survey that examines the evolution of the form from the Restoration and into the Romantic period. There are chapters on Rochester, John Oldham, Pope, and Swift; the book also explores the uses of satire in such works as The Tatler and The Spectator, as well in Boswell's works. Particularly worthwhile is Rawson's discussion of the effects of the growing cult of "sentiment" on the genre, beginning in the mid-eighteenth century. ]

Richards, Edward Ames. Hudibras in the Burlesque Tradition. New York: Columbia

UP, 1937.

[An old but useful survey of another satiric subgenre, the "Hudibrastic" (being a form of verse satire modelled on Samuel Butler's burlesque poem Hudibras). Very useful as a reference guide.]

Rosenheim, Edward W. Swift and the Satirist's Art. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1963.

[Another very influential theoretical study of satire, posing as a work on Swift. Rosenheim was most closely associated with the "Chicago Critics," and his approach here is, characteristically, formalist in an neo-Aristotelian kind of way. Rosenheim produces, in the process, some very worthwhile insights into the function and nature of satire. Of particular note is his distinction between "punitive" and "persuasive" satire.]

Rudd, Niall. Themes in Roman Satire. Norman and London: U of Oklahoma P, 1986.

[Rudd is a highly regarded classical scholar who has long focussed upon satire; this introductory text is an excellent resource for the student who wishes to explore the classical roots of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century satire. Rudd's discussion of the employment of the rhetorical "proofs" of ethos and pathos by Horace and Juvenal respectively is particularly useful.]

Seidel, Michael. Satiric Inheritance, Rabelais to Sterne. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979.

[This is an occasionally odd, but often brilliant study of satire theory, with a focus upon the theme of "inheritance," both within satire, and between satirists. Seidel's approach is informed, but not overtly controlled, by poststructuralist theory; he was also one of the first critics to begin challenging the "rhetorical" approaches to satire that had come to dominate since the late 1960s. His decision to redirect attention upon the satirist (who need no longer be considered merely a rhetorical, and usually ironic, construct) helped initiate a new approach to satire that highlighted the "complicity" of the satirist in his or her violent and destructive art. Seidel's study ranges far and wide, over both prose and verse, and includes detailed discussions of Samuel Butler's Hudibras, and of Marvell, Dryden, Swift, Pope, and Sterne.]

Selden, Raman. English Verse Satire 1590-1765. London: George Allen and Unwin,

1978.

[This very workman-like study provides a comprehensive and broad-ranging survey of verse satire; along the way, Selden treats most of the major figures in the genre from our period (although there is a notable absence of female satirists). A very worthwhile introductory study that focusses primarily upon the employment of Horatian and Juvenalian models.]

Smith, Nigel. Literature and Revolution in England 1640-1660. New Haven and

London: Yale UP, 1994.

[Smith's impressively thick volume on the literature of the Civil Wars and Interregnum is built upon the convincing premise that the events of those years changed the nature of English literature profoundly; it includes an interesting chapter on the satire of the period, and deals in some detail with John Cleveland and other influential precursors of Restoration satire. An excellent source for detailed background information and historical context, it is also quite theoretically sophisticated in its approach.]

Snyder, John. Prospects of Power: Tragedy, Satire, the Essay, and the Theory of

Genre. [Lexington]: UP of Kentucky, 1991.

Sutherland. James R. English Satire. 1958. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1962.

[Another "standard" work on the genre dating from the mid-twentieth century, and written by one of the foremost satire scholars of his time. Sutherland's study still serves as a good introduction, but its critical approach inevitably seems rather old. Weldon possesses numerous copies.]

Sutherland, W. O. S., Jr. The Art of the Satirist: Essays on the Satire of Augustan

England. Austin: U of Texas P, 1965.

Test, George A. Satire: Spirit and Art. Tampa: U of South Florida UP, 1991.

[Consciously envisioned as a kind of continuation of, or elaboration upon, Robert C. Elliott's influential The Power of Satire (see above), this relatively recent study seems, frankly, rather anachronistic in its socio-anthropological approach.]

Van Rooy, C. A. Studies in Classical Satire and Related Literary Theory. Leiden: E. J.

Brill, 1965.

Walker, Hugh. English Satire and Satirists. London and Toronto: J. M. Dent; New

York: E. P. Dutton, 1925.

[A dated but still somewhat useful survey of English satire.]

Wedgwood, C. V. Poetry and Politics Under the Stuarts. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,

1960.

[This is a broader survey than Ruth Nevo's The Dial of Virtue (see above), which it otherwise resembles in many ways. Wedgwood has been one of the formost historians of the seventeenth-century, and her historical understanding is put to good use here; unfortunately, however, her critical approach sometimes seems, as a result, a bit primitive. Nonetheless, an excellent survey of seventeenth-century topical satire and related genres (including panegyrick).]

Weinbrot, Howard D. The Formal Strain: Studies in Augustan Imitation and Satire.

Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1969.

[A really "solid" study of the formal verse satire and satiric imitation of the eighteenth century by one of the foremost scholars on the subject. Weinbrot employs an historically-informed formalism to discuss, in great detail, the features and purposes of the more "formal" varieties of satire. A very useful work for those seeking detailed background on the genre.]

—. Alexander Pope and the Traditions of Formal Verse Satire. Princeton: Princeton

UP, 1982.

[This is a more focussed study than The Formal Strain, but nonetheless covers much of the same ground. Again, an excellent source for background, particularly for those works that are consciously modelled after the satire of the ancients.]

—. Eighteenth-Century Satire: Essays on Text and Context from Dryden to Peter

Pindar. Cambridge: U of Cambridge P, 1988.

[This is a very worthwhile collection of articles by Weinbrot that deal with both formal issues, and particular poems. Weinbrot's central concerns (with classical models and the formal properties of satire) are again much in evidence, but the bulk of the volume treats individual texts, including Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel, Pope's The Rape of the Lock, and Horatian imitations, and Johnson's London and The Vanity of Human Wishes. Particularly worthwhile (and highly entertaining) are his articles on the ambivalence of eighteenth-century attitudes to classical models ("History, Horace, and Augustus Cæsar . . .") and his brilliant exposition of Rochester's "A Letter from Artemisia in the Town to Chloe in the Country."]

Wood, Allen G. Literary Satire and Theory: A Study of Horace, Boileau, and Pope.

New York: Garland, 1985.

Worcester, David. The Art of Satire. 1940. New York: Russell and Russell, 1960.

McIntosh, Carey. Common and Courtly Language: The Stylistics of Social Class in 18th-

Century English Literature. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1986.

[A very useful study of language and style in the eighteenth century. McIntosh begins with chapters on "Lower-Class English" and "Courtly-Genteel Prose,"; further chapters apply her thesis to particular works. Of particular interest is a final section on "courtly letters." ]