Biopsychosocial assessment tools for the elderly – Assessment summary shee

Test: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

Year: 1989

Domain: Psychological

Assessment Tool Category: Self-report

Variations/translations: An addendum has been added (PSQI-A) to assess sleep quality in persons with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The addendum includes seven items indicating the frequency of disruptive nocturnal behaviours associated with PTSD. The PSQI has been translated into 55 languages. Chinese, Japanese, Columbian and Hebrew versions of the PSQI have been validated.

Setting: Any setting

Method of delivery: Questionnaire can be filled in by the person, or adapted to enable a person to

Description: A nine-item questionnaire measuring quality and patterns of sleep in older adults. “Poor” and “good” sleep are differentiated by client self rating of seven areas: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, duration of sleep, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction over the preceding month.

Scoring/interpretation: Scoring is on a 0 – 3 scale, with 3 being the negative extreme. A total sum of 5 or more indicates a “poor” sleeper.

Time to administer: Few minutes.

Availability: University of Pittsburgh, Sleep Medicine Institute, see website below.

Software: N/A

Website: www.sleep.pitt.edu/content.asp?id=1484&subsid=2316

Qualitative/Quantitative: Quantitative

Validity: Correlations with sleep log data – 0.81 for sleep duration, 0.71 for sleep onset latency.

Reliability: Reliability coefficient = 0.83, test retest reliability = 0.87.

References:

Buysse, D.J., Reynolds III, C.F., Monk, T.H., Berman, S.R., & Kupfer, D.J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28(2), 193-213.

Cole, J.C., Motivala, S.J., Buysse, D.J., Oxman, M.N., Levin, M.J., & Irwin, M.R. (2006). Validation of a 3-factor scoring model for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in older adults. Sleep, 29(1), 112-116.

Tsai, P.S., Wang, S.Y., Wang, M.Y., Su, C.T., Yang, T.T., Huang, C.J., & Fang, S.C. (2005). Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects. Quality of Life Research, 14(8), 1943-1952.

Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A, Reimann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 737-40.