Biology 4289b - List of Concepts

 

At the end of the course, you will be expected to have a basic understanding of each of these concepts.

In contemporary parlance, these are your student-centered learning outcomes.

You are therefore encouraged to do whatever it takes to master these concepts

 

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Biology 4289b

 

Accessible (character)

A320 - A280 - A260 - A230

Absolute binding (AB)

Absorbance

3'Adenylation of replicated strand by Taq polymerase

Adjective

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Alcohol precipitation

Alignment

Allopatric speciation

Allotype

Anagenesis

Analogy

Ancestral character state

Ancestral taxon

Anion

Annealing

Annealing temperature

Anode

Apomorphy

Archetype

Artificial classification

A-T pairs

Attribute

Autapomorphic species

Autapomorphy

α-Taxonomy

β-Taxonomy

Bands (electrophoretic)

Barcoding

Basal

Base (nucleic acid)

Bayesian phylogenies

Big tree of life as a family tree

Binary character

Binary key

Binary score

Biogeography

Biological species

Biosystematics

BLAST

Bootstrap analysis

Budding (speciation)

Buffer

Buoyant density

C0t

C0t50

Capillary electrophoresis

Case

Catalog

Category

Cathode

Cesium chloride

Chain of Beings

Character

Chargaff's rules

Clade

Cladistic

Cladistics

Cladists

Cladogenesis

Cladogram

Classification

Cloning

Clustal multiple alignment

Cluster analysis

CO1 (cytochrome oxidase gene)

Code

Coding (character)

CODIS data banks

Cohesion species

Collateral ancestor

Complexity (genome)

Consistency index

Conspecific

Continuous

Convergent

Cosmopolitan

Cryptic species

CsCl

ΔTme

Data type

Deletion

Delineation

DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)

Denaturation temperature

Denaturation by alkali treatment

Dendrogram

Density gradient

Deoxyribonucleotides

Derived

Designation

Description

Descriptive character

Descriptor

Dichotomous

Dichotomy

Diphyly

Discrete

Distance

Divergence

DNA

DNA base composition

DNA hybridization - to be explained

DNA polymerase

DNA/DNA reassociation

ddNTPs

dNTPs

Dot (slot) blot hybridization

Dot matrix sequence analysis

Dot plot

Double-stranded

Duplication (gene)

E value

Ecological species

Electropherogram

Electrophoretic mobility

Elute, elution, eluate

Endonuclease (restriction)

Endemic

Epithet

Etymology

Evolution

Evolutionary clock

Evolutionary species

Evolutionary taxonomy

Exclusion rule

Extension temperature

Extension time

Extent of reassociation

External transcribed spacer

Exonuclease

S1 ―

Exponential amplification

Extant

Extinct

Extirpated

Ex-type

Family

Farris zone

Felsenstein zone

Fidelity

Filter window

Forensic DNA analysis

 

γ-Taxonomy

G-C pairs

Gap extend penalty (Ln)

Gap open penalty (G)

Gaps (in calculating distances)

Genitive noun

Genospecies

Genus (genera, genre, gender)

Germ line

Good character

Good classification

Grade

 

Hennigian theory

Heteroduplex

Heterologous

Heteroplasmy

Hierarchical

Holotype

Homoduplex

Homolog

Homologous character

Homologous reaction

Homonym

Homoplas-y (-ious, -tic)

Homoplasy index

Horizontal gene transfer

HPLC

Hydrolysis

3'Hydroxy group

Hydroxyapatite gel

Hyperchromic shift

Hypochromic shift

Idealism

Identification

Identification key

Identity (sequence)

Immunological comparison of proteins

Indel

Individual

Informative

Ingroup

Insertion

Intergenic spacer (IGS)

Internal node

Internal transcribed spacers (ITS)

Internode

Interval

Inversion

Ionic strength

Isologous

Isopynic point

Isotype

IUPAC nucleotide codes

Jackknife

Jukes and Cantor distance correction

Key, binary, dichotomous

Kimura 2 parameter distance correction

Labeled DNA

Lamarck

Lateral gene transfer

Lectotype

Lineage sorting

Linear amplification

Linnaean binomial

Linnaeus

Liquid renaturation

Logical species

Long branch attraction

Lond branch repulsion

LSU (large subunit) DNA/RNA

LUCA

Magnesium ions

Maximum identity

Maximum likelihood

Maximum parsimony

MCMCMC

Melting point

Meristic

Methylation

Microarray

Microsatellites

Minimum evolution

Mismatch as court evidence

Mitochondrial genes

Control region

D-loop

HVI, HVII

Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS)

mol% G+C

mol% G+C distribution

Molarity

Molecular clock

Monophyletic

Monothetic

Monotypic

Morphological species

MSP-PCR

Multiple alignment

Multiple substitution correction

Multistate

Natural selection

as a source of convergence

Nested sets

Nitrocellulose membrane

Nomenclatural type

Nomenclature

Nomenspecies

Nominalism

Normality (vs. molarity)

Nuclear genes

Nucleoside

Nucleotide

Number of unrooted trees

Number of rooted tress

Pair-wise alignment

Parallel evolution

Paralogous

Paraphyletic

Parsimony

  __-informative

Percent reassociation

Peripatric speciation

Phenetic

Pheneticists

Phenetics

Phenetics vs cladistics: the fundamental difference

Phenogram

Phenomenology

Phenol extraction

Phenon

Phenospecies (phenetic species)

Phyletic

Phylogenetic

Phylogenetic species

Phylogenetics

Phylogram

Pigeonhole (classification)

Polyacrylamide gel

DNA polymerase

Polymorphic

Polyphasic

Polyphyletic

Polythetic

Polytomy

Population thinking

Primary kingdoms (Woese)

Primer

Primer design

Primer dimers

Probability of homology

Probability of random match as part of court evidence

Object

Ontological species

Optical renaturation

Order

Ordinal

Orthologous

OTU

Outgroup

Overall consistency index

Qualitative

Quantitative

5S rDNA/rRNA

5.8S rDNA/rRNA

35S pre-RNA transcript

Sanger's DNA sequencing method

Scaled tree

Score

Secondary structure (primer)

Self-complementarity (primer)

Semantide

Sequence editing

Sheared DNA

Short tandem repeats (STRs)

Sibling species

Silica matrix (DNA adsorption and elution)

Similarity (sequence)

Single-linkage cluster analysis

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Single-stranded

Sister species

Sister-taxa

Somatic line

Southern blot

sp./spp.

Speciation

Species

Species name

Specific epithet

Speciose

SSU (small subunit) DNA/RNA

Stability

State

Stem species

Strain

Stringency

Stringent

Sympatric speciation

Symplesiomorphy

Synapomorphy

Synonym

Synteny (old and new)

Syntype

Systematic

Systematics

Taq polymerase

Taxon

Taxonomic species

Taxonomy

Terminal node

Theophrastus

Thermal denaturation

Thermal elution

Tm

Tme

Trait

Transformed cladists

Tree

Trees as deductions

Trees as hypotheses

Trichotomy

Type

Type species

Typological species

Typology

 

Rank

RAPD

Rate of evolution

Rate of reassociation

Ratio variable

rDNA

Realism

Reassociation

Re-annealing

Recognition species

Rectangular cladogram

Relational character

Relative binding

Relaxed

Replication

Reproducible character

Restriction endonuclease

Restriction-modification systems

Retention index

Reticulate evolution

Reverse complement

Reverse transcriptase

RFLP

Ribosomal proteins

Ribosomal DNA/RNA

RNA

rRNA catalogs

Root

of the universal tree

Rooting - equal branch length method

Rooting - midpoint method

Rooting - outgroup method

Rooted tree

 

Ultrametric

Ultracentrifugation

Ultraviolet spectrum

Universal

Unrooted tree

Unscaled tree

UPGMA

 

Value

Variable

Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)

 

WPGMA
Xenologous
Y-chromosome
Z

 

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Biology 4289b