Biology 4289b - List of Concepts

At the end of the course, you will be expected to have a basic understanding of each of these concepts.

In contemporary parlance, these are your student-centered learning outcomes.

You are therefore encouraged to do whatever it takes to master these concepts

Back to

Biology 4289b

Accessible (character) A320 - A280 - A260 - A230 Absolute binding (AB) Absorbance 3'Adenylation of replicated strand by Taq polymerase Adjective Agarose gel electrophoresis Alcohol precipitation Alignment Allopatric speciation Allotype Anagenesis Analogy Ancestral character state Ancestral taxon Anion Annealing Annealing temperature Anode Apomorphy Archetype Artificial classification A-T pairs Attribute Autapomorphic species Autapomorphy α-Taxonomy	β-Taxonomy Bands (electrophoretic) Barcoding Basal Base (nucleic acid) Bayesian phylogenies Big tree of life as a family tree Binary character Binary key Binary score Biogeography Biological species Biosystematics BLAST Bootstrap analysis Budding (speciation) Buffer Buoyant density	C0t C0t50 Capillary electrophoresis Case Catalog Category Cathode Cesium chloride Chain of Beings Character Chargaff's rules Clade Cladistic Cladistics Cladists Cladogenesis Cladogram Classification Cloning Clustal multiple alignment Cluster analysis CO1 (cytochrome oxidase gene) Code Coding (character) CODIS data banks Cohesion species Collateral ancestor Complexity (genome) Consistency index Conspecific Continuous Convergent Cosmopolitan Cryptic species CsCl
ΔTme Data type Deletion Delineation DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) Denaturation temperature Denaturation by alkali treatment Dendrogram Density gradient Deoxyribonucleotides Derived Designation Description Descriptive character Descriptor Dichotomous Dichotomy Diphyly Discrete Distance Divergence DNA DNA base composition DNA hybridization - to be explained DNA polymerase DNA/DNA reassociation ddNTPs dNTPs Dot (slot) blot hybridization Dot matrix sequence analysis Dot plot Double-stranded Duplication (gene)	E value Ecological species Electropherogram Electrophoretic mobility Elute, elution, eluate Endonuclease (restriction) Endemic Epithet Etymology Evolution Evolutionary clock Evolutionary species Evolutionary taxonomy Exclusion rule Extension temperature Extension time Extent of reassociation External transcribed spacer Exonuclease S1 ― Exponential amplification Extant Extinct Extirpated Ex-type	Family Farris zone Felsenstein zone Fidelity Filter window Forensic DNA analysis
		γ-Taxonomy G-C pairs Gap extend penalty (Ln) Gap open penalty (G) Gaps (in calculating distances) Genitive noun Genospecies Genus (genera, genre, gender) Germ line Good character Good classification Grade
Hennigian theory Heteroduplex Heterologous Heteroplasmy Hierarchical Holotype Homoduplex Homolog Homologous character Homologous reaction Homonym Homoplas-y (-ious, -tic) Homoplasy index Horizontal gene transfer HPLC Hydrolysis 3'Hydroxy group Hydroxyapatite gel Hyperchromic shift Hypochromic shift	Idealism Identification Identification key Identity (sequence) Immunological comparison of proteins Indel Individual Informative Ingroup Insertion Intergenic spacer (IGS) Internal node Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) Internode Interval Inversion Ionic strength Isologous Isopynic point Isotype IUPAC nucleotide codes	Jackknife Jukes and Cantor distance correction
		Key, binary, dichotomous Kimura 2 parameter distance correction
		Labeled DNA Lamarck Lateral gene transfer Lectotype Lineage sorting Linear amplification Linnaean binomial Linnaeus Liquid renaturation Logical species Long branch attraction Lond branch repulsion LSU (large subunit) DNA/RNA LUCA
Magnesium ions Maximum identity Maximum likelihood Maximum parsimony MCMCMC Melting point Meristic Methylation Microarray Microsatellites Minimum evolution Mismatch as court evidence Mitochondrial genes Control region D-loop HVI, HVII Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) mol% G+C mol% G+C distribution Molarity Molecular clock Monophyletic Monothetic Monotypic Morphological species MSP-PCR Multiple alignment Multiple substitution correction Multistate	Natural selection as a source of convergence Nested sets Nitrocellulose membrane Nomenclatural type Nomenclature Nomenspecies Nominalism Normality (vs. molarity) Nuclear genes Nucleoside Nucleotide Number of unrooted trees Number of rooted tress	Pair-wise alignment Parallel evolution Paralogous Paraphyletic Parsimony   __-informative Percent reassociation Peripatric speciation Phenetic Pheneticists Phenetics Phenetics vs cladistics: the fundamental difference Phenogram Phenomenology Phenol extraction Phenon Phenospecies (phenetic species) Phyletic Phylogenetic Phylogenetic species Phylogenetics Phylogram Pigeonhole (classification) Polyacrylamide gel DNA polymerase Polymorphic Polyphasic Polyphyletic Polythetic Polytomy Population thinking Primary kingdoms (Woese) Primer Primer design Primer dimers Probability of homology Probability of random match as part of court evidence
	Object Ontological species Optical renaturation Order Ordinal Orthologous OTU Outgroup Overall consistency index
Qualitative Quantitative	5S rDNA/rRNA 5.8S rDNA/rRNA 35S pre-RNA transcript Sanger's DNA sequencing method Scaled tree Score Secondary structure (primer) Self-complementarity (primer) Semantide Sequence editing Sheared DNA Short tandem repeats (STRs) Sibling species Silica matrix (DNA adsorption and elution) Similarity (sequence) Single-linkage cluster analysis Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Single-stranded Sister species Sister-taxa Somatic line Southern blot sp./spp. Speciation Species Species name Specific epithet Speciose SSU (small subunit) DNA/RNA Stability State Stem species Strain Stringency Stringent Sympatric speciation Symplesiomorphy Synapomorphy Synonym Synteny (old and new) Syntype Systematic Systematics	Taq polymerase Taxon Taxonomic species Taxonomy Terminal node Theophrastus Thermal denaturation Thermal elution Tm Tme Trait Transformed cladists Tree Trees as deductions Trees as hypotheses Trichotomy Type Type species Typological species Typology
Rank RAPD Rate of evolution Rate of reassociation Ratio variable rDNA Realism Reassociation Re-annealing Recognition species Rectangular cladogram Relational character Relative binding Relaxed Replication Reproducible character Restriction endonuclease Restriction-modification systems Retention index Reticulate evolution Reverse complement Reverse transcriptase RFLP Ribosomal proteins Ribosomal DNA/RNA RNA rRNA catalogs Root of the universal tree Rooting - equal branch length method Rooting - midpoint method Rooting - outgroup method Rooted tree
Ultrametric Ultracentrifugation Ultraviolet spectrum Universal Unrooted tree Unscaled tree UPGMA	Value Variable Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)	WPGMA
		Xenologous
		Y-chromosome
		Z

Back to

Biology 4289b