| Earth Sciences 081 - "Resources, Environment and Sustainability in a Material Society" | | ES081 Home | |
Lecture 2
Chemistry, Minerals, & Rocks
Today's objectives -
To learn what minerals and rocks are.
To learn some basic chemistry regarding atoms and how they bond.
To understand what makes minerals different and why different minerals have different properties.
To learn the most common mineral families.
To learn the major rock types and how they form.
Vocabulary -
| Solid - | Ionic Bonds - |
| Liquid - | Covalent Bonds - |
| Gas - | Metallic Bonds - |
| Elements - | Intermolecular Bonds - |
| Atoms - | Mineral - |
| Nucleus - | Diagnostic Properties - |
| Protons - | Silicates - - |
| Neutrons - | Ferromagnesian - |
| Electrons - | Non-ferromagnesian - |
| Atomic mass - | Carbonates - |
| Atomic number - | Rock - definition |
| Isotopes - | Igneous - |
| Ions - | Sedimentary - |
| Cations - | Metamorphic |
| Anions - |
Lecture Outline -
States of matter
Atoms and elements
Structure of an atom
Atomic bonds: Ionic (electron taken); Covalent (electron sharing); Metallic
(electron sea); Weak
Atomic structure Mineral (definition)
Mineral properties
Composition of Earth
Mineral families: Silicates most common
Rocks (definition)
Igneous - formed from melt
Sedimentary - formed from deposition or precipitation
Metamorphic - formed by change of existing rock