Geological History of the Southern Province of Ontario

        A geological map, espwedgegeolnad83.dwg, of the 'Espanola Wedge' in the form of an Autocad .DWG file can be downloaded from:
        http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/fieldlog. This map can be viewed with the VoloView viewing software, the installation file, 'vve2setup.exe', for which can be downloaded from the same site. Georegistered aerial photographs attached to the map are archived at the same site as the map, whereas attached extraneous geological maps and geological photographs can be downloaded from http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/200a-001.

        Landsat image of the East Sudbury - Coniston - Garson area of the Sudbury region

Huronian Metasediments
       Cross bedded Mississagi Formation, Bay of Island - 1506hurxbeds.jpg
       Well preserved ball and pillow structure in meta-arenites of the Stobie Formation in the area between the Creighton and Murray granites; east side of road near the Clara Belle - Highway 149 junction. No evidence of marked penetrative deformation        -                      424stobiesed.jpg
       Staurolite in sediments of the Stobie Formation in the area between the Creighton and Murray granites; west side of road near the Clara Belle - Highway 149 junction; again, no evidence of penetrative deformation of the staurolite  -  423stobiestaur.jpg

       Rip up clasts in Mississagi Quartzite, east side of the Coniston-Garson road -  352ripups2m.jpg
       Repeated Bouma units of cross laminated rippled sand units grading to argillite (now with staurolite), McKim Fm., south side of Highway 17 at Balsam Street, Sudbury - 383gradedbedbalsamm.jpg
       Delicate sedimentary structures preserved in metamorphosed Mckim Fm - 384sedflamebalsamm.jpg    446xbedsyoungnorthnwofbridgem.jpg
       Ball and pillow structures preserved in hornfelsed Mississagi Quartzites, east of the Garson road - 436sedflame2m.jpg
       Typical cross-bedded Mississago Quartzite preserved in nose of east plunging syncline, road cut east of the Garson Road at the power line -  447xbedseastsideofroadatpowerlinem.jpg 

Sedimentary folds
        Intraformational syn-sedimentary isoclinal folds developed in Mississagi Quartzite, west of the Coniston - Garson Road, east of Sudbury -  246sedfoldgarson.jpg247sedfoldgarson.jpg
        Chaotic folding in Mississagi Quartzite, Garson road -  445synsedfoldingnwofbridge2m.jpg
        Syn-sedimentary deformation, Mississagi Fm, east of Garson road - 435synsedfaultm.jpg

Ceighton - Murray granite region
            Maps
        dutch1_900.jpg
        dutch2_900.jpg
        dutch3_900.jpg
        dutch4_900.jpg
        riller2.jpg
        riller4.jpg
        riller5b.jpg

       Oriented fabric displayed by K-feldspar megacrysts in the Creighton granite - 376creightongran1m.jpg
       Folded? fine grained aplite in foliated megacrystic Creighton granite - 378foliateddikeincreighton1m.jpg
       Close-up of photograph 378 - 377foliateddikeincreighton2m.jpg
       Sudbury breccia in foliated megacrystic Creighton granite - 379sudbreccincreightonm.jpg
       Sudbury breccia in foliated megacrystic Creighton granite  -  218creightonsudbrecc.jpg
       'Trap dike' in Creighton granite, Copper Cliff - 382trapdikeincreightonm.jpg
       Sharp contact of 'Trap dike' with rocks of the Creighton granite; at the contact the 'Trap dike' is foliated; Copper Cliff - 380trapdikecontactcreighton1m.jpg
       Foliated margin of 'Trap dike' in contact with the Creighton granite, Copper Cliff - 381trapdikecontactcreighton2m.jpg
       Marginal agmatitic facies of the Murray granite, southwest end, southwest of the trail tracks - 418agmatite1.jpg
       Hornfelsed metasediments (cordierite?) associated with the agmatite of the southwest margin of the Murray granite -  419cordierite1.jpg
       Hornfelsed metasediments (cordierite?) associated with the agmatite of the southwest margin of the Murray granite -  420cordierite2.jpg
       Strongly flattened mafic fragments in agmatite of the southwest margin of the Murray granite -  421agmatite2.jpg
       Close-up of flattened and foliated mafic fragment in the Murray granite agmatite - 422defagmatite.jpg
        Minor fold in Huronian metasediment of the Stobie Formation north of the Clara Belle mine - 238clara.jpg
       Well preserved cross beds in meta-sandstones of the Huronian unit north of the Clara Belle mine -  239clara.jpg
       Staurolite in metasediments northe of the Clara Belle mine -  242clara.jpg
       Structure involving Huronian metasediments and basaltic rock north of the Clara Belle mine -  244clara.jpg

F1 Fold Event
Whitefish Falls
        Map showing major folds in Huronian of the  Espanola - Manitoulin Island region (Raven Lake Syncline, LaCloche syncline, Macgregor Bay Anticline) - dikes1.jpg
        Map of the Raven Lake syncline showing the fold transected by NW-SE dikes of the North Shore swarm; note that north of the Loon Lake fault there is a suite of dikes (purple) trending NE-SW, a trend typical of the 'Trap' diabase dike swarm -  basslake.jpg
        West plunging S-shaped folds congruent with the major La Cloche syncline, Whitefish Falls. Black rock to the right is a NW trending diabase dike.
         Note the bleached baked margin of folded siltstone in contact with the diabase - 1489whitefishff1folds.jpg
Coniston-Garson region
        Moderate sized anticlinal fold in Mississagi Quartzite west of the Coniston-Garson road  - 344anticline2m.jpg
        Metre scale  folds in Mississagi Quartzite west of the Coniston-Garson road - 346parasitic1am.jpg
        Small scale folding of Mississagi Quartzite west of the Coniston-Garson road -  359parasitic1bm.jpg
        Relatively tight fold in the nose of the fold in Mississagi Quartzite west of the Coniston-Garson road -  358parasite1am.jpg
        Fold of uncertain age in hornfelsed Mississagi Quartzite west of the Coniston-Garson road - 353foldsm.jpg
        Z-shaped fold in hornfelsed Mississagi Quartzite, western margin of Nipissing gabbro, Coniston-Garson road just south of the 'road metal' quarry -  442zfold2garsonroadm.jpg
        Meso-scale Z-shaped fold in hornfelsed Mississagi Quartzite, western margin of Nipissing gabbro, Coniston-Garson road just south of the 'road metal' quarry -  434hornsfold1m.jpg
        Thin section showing F2 strain-slip cleavage (dipping to the left) superimposed on an early cleavage (dipping to the right) related to the F1 folding - 1492f2whitefcleav1.jpg

Hamersley Group of Australia
        hamersleymap.jpg
        hamersleysection.jpg
        hamersleyhardeymap.jpg
        hamersleyhardeysect.jpg

        Martin, D. McB., 1999. Depositional setting and implications of Paleoproterozoic glaciomarine sedimentation in the Hamersley Province, Western Australia. BGSA, 111, 2, 189-203.
        Powell, C. McA., et al., 1999. Synorogenic hydrothermal origin for giant Hamerslay iron oxide ore bodies. Geology, 27, 2, 175-178.
        Powell, C. McA. and Horwitz, R.C., 1994. Late Archean and Early Protoerozoic tectonics and basin formation of the Hamersley Ranges. Geol. Soc. Australia (WA Division) Excursion Guidebook No. 4, 53 p.
        Parker, A.K. et al. Mafic dyke swards of Austalia, in Mafic dyke swarms, eds., Halls, H.C. and Fahrig, W.F., Geol. Assoc. Canada Spec. paper 34, p. 401-417.

F2 Fold Event
        Tight upright  E-W trending F2 fold in Huronian rocks near the shore, just east of Cutler village. The fold on the north limb of this fold (left in the photograph)  is a younger F3 structure. 1495f2f3folds1.jpg

        Thin section showing F2 strain-slip cleavage (dipping to the left) superimposed on an early cleavage (dipping to the right) related to the F1 folding - 492f2whitefcleav1.jpg

F3 Fold Event
     Open F3 fold folding quartzites of the Espanola Formation and a fine grained S2 cleavage present in the more argillitic beds (also in the matrix of nearby Sudbury breccia), Anderson Lake south of Espanola - 1504espsstnee.jpg
    F3 antiform folding Mississagi Quartzite and Sudbury Breccia, Laurention campus, Sudbury - 245campusfold.jpg
    Sudbury breccia transected, fragments and matrix, by S2 foliation, folded by minor S3 folds, Whitefish Falls -  1493breccwF2F3fold.jpg
    Sudbury breccia transected, fragments and matrix, by S2 foliation, folded by minor S3 folds, Massey -  1494masseybreccf2f3folds.jpg
    S2 folation folded by F3 minor folds, Massey - 398masseycrencleavm.jpg
    East-plunging S-shaped F3 fold, folding a prominent F2 cleavage. South side of the Cutler anticline - 1496cutlerf3fold.jpg
    S2 folation folded by F3 minor folds, Cutler - 399crencleavagecutler1m.jpg
    S2 folation folded by F3 minor folds, Cutler - 400crencleavagecutler2m.jpg
    S3 strain slip cleavage developed on S2 cleavage, McKim Fm., south side of Highway 17 at Balsam Street, Sudbury -  385crencleavbalsamm.jpg , 1505balsstf3.jpg
    Photomicrograph of F3 microfolds folding coarse F2 cleavage - 1503microphotof3onf2.jpg

Nipissing Gabbro
                Coniston - Garson - Falconbridge region
       View of the ridges of black Nipissing Gabbro surrounding folded Mississagi Quartzite; looking SE from location A  towards Highway 17 in the far distance; rail track to Falconbridge in the centre right of the photograph  -  354viewseast1m.jpg
       View to the north from location A - 355viewnorth1m.jpg

       View to the northeast from location B; Coniston-Falconbridge rail track, seen centre left in the panorama - 356viewne1m.jpg
       View from location B north towards the Falconbridge Mine - 357viewfalconbridgem.jpg

       View from location C (east of the Coniston-Falconbridge rail tracks) to northeast along the NE-trending Nipissing Gabbro - 219viewtone.jpg
       View from location C north towards Garson-Falconbrige - 221viewfalcon.jpg
       View from location C towards Sudbury 222viewconiston.jpg

       View from location D west towards Sudbury - 437viewsudburym.jpg
       View from location D looking eastwards  - 438vieweastm.jpg
       View from location D south towards Coniston - 439viewconistonm.jpg
       View from location D towards Falconbridge - 440viewfalconbridge2m.jpg

       Folded Mississagi Quartzite surrounded by Nipissing Gabbro - 220viewfold.jpg
       Pegmatitic zone in the Nipissing Gabbro, location D - 431spiralpeg3m.jpg
       Pegmatitic zone in the Nipissing Gabbro, location D - 432spiralpeg1m.jpg
       Coarse crystals of clinopyroxene in pegmatitic zone of the Nipissing Gabbro, location D - 433spiralpeg2m.jpg
       Hornfelsed globular Mississagi Quartzite, location E (note shatter cone) - 428globules1m.jpg
       Globules in hornfelsed Mississagi Quartzite,  location E - 429globules2m.jpg
       Polished slab showing globules as irregular concentrations of biotite; note the preferencial removal of biotite in the weathered rind of the sample,  location E - 58mweatheredhornfels.jpg
            Cutler
       F2 foliation folded by F3 structures in Nipissing gabbro, Cutler - 403foldedcleavageinnippm.jpg
       Nipissing gabbro cut by 'North Shore' diabase, Cutler - 1498cutleramphib.jpg

Sudbury Breccia
       Sudbury breccia, SE shore of Raven Lake - 1491ravenlsudbrecc1.jpg
       Vein and apophysis, displaying internal flow fabric, of Sudbury breccia injecting Mississagi Quartzite -  340sudbreccapophm.jpg
       Foliated matrix of Sudbury breccia, north of Highway 17 east of Coniston - 342sudbrecfoliationm.jpg
       Sudbury breccia - 339sudbreccfelsdikelocalitym.jpg
       F3 folds folding S2 foliation penetratively cutting Sudbury breccia, Plane Table Lake - 407foldedcleavinsudbreccclastm.jpg
        Road side exposure of shatter cones in Espanola Quartzite, south of Espanola, near Anderson Lake - 405shatconeespm.jpg
       Small shatter cones in McKim Fm, outcrops south side of junction of Balsam Street with Highway 17 and west of the overpass -386shattconesbalsam1m.jpg
       Upward pointing small shatter cones in McKim Fm, outcrops south side of junction of Balsam Street with Highway 17 and west of the overpass - 387shattconesbalsam2m.jpg
       Downward pointing shatter cones in Mississagi Quartzite, road cut at Laurentian University - 388shattconeslaurentianm.jpg
       Down dip oriented shatter cones, south of Sudbury by-pass junction with highway 17 - 425vertshattcones1m.jpg
       Horizontal shatter cones, south of Sudbury by-pass junction with highway 17  - 426horizshattcones1m.jpg
       Horizontal shatter cones, south of Sudbury by-pass junction with highway 17  - 427horizshattcones2m.jpg

Copper Cliff Offset
       850area.jpg
       Mafic block in Sudbury breccia, Coppr Cliff - 410irregcontdiabblockinsb1.jpg
       Mafic block in Sudbury breccia, Coppr Cliff  - 411irregcontdiabblockinsb2.jpg
       Rheomorphologically melted inclusions of Sudbury breccia where it is in contact with the Copper cliff 'offset' dike - 412rheomorphrhyoloffset.jpg
       Irregular contact of the Coppercliff 'offset dike' with other rocks at its southern termination, near air shaft - 413cucliffoffsetterm.jpg
       Sulphide rich facies of the Copper Cliff 'offset' dike - 414cucliffmin1.jpg
       Ditto - 415cucliffmin2.jpg
       Contact of the Coppercliff 'offset' dike (top) with Sudbury breccia (bottom) - 416dikecuttingsb1.jpg
       Ditto - 417dikecuttingsb2.jpg

Mafic dikes
       zwanzig2.jpg
       408deformeddiabcontactwhitefishm.jpg
       409diabboudinwhitefishm.jpg
       shawmap2.jpg
       shawf6.jpg
       shawf7.jpg
       shawf8.jpg
       shawf9.jpg
       1490whitefishff1foldsdiab2.jpg
       1497masseycontaur.jpg
       1498cutleramphib.jpg
       1499cutlershearedtrap.jpg
       401foldedfoldcutlerm.jpg
       402curveddikecutlerm.jpg
       F3 folds folding F2 cleavage in Nipissing gabbro -  403foldedcleavinnippm.jpg
       404diabcuttingfolnippm.jpg
       224planetablediab1.jpg
       225planetablediab2.jpg
       226planetablediab3.jpg

Coniston Felsic dikes
       Felsic dike (top) contact with Mississagi Quartzite - 336felsiccontact1m.jpg
       Felsic dike (bottom) contact with Mississagi Quartzite (note differential weathering)  - 337felsiccontact2m.jpg
       Felsic dike (bottom) transecting contact of Mississagi Quartzite (top left and right)  and Sudbury breccia (top centre)       - 341felsicdikesudbreccontactm.jpg
       Felsic dike in Nipissing Gabbro, east side of Coniston-Garson road, south of bridge - 349felsicnippcontact2m.jpg

Rheault intrusives
         fueten2.jpg
         227rheaultfelsint1.jpg
         228rheaultfelsint2.jpg
         229arheaultfelsint3.jpg
         229brheaultfelsintr3mag.jpg
         231rheaultgraniteinnipp.jpg

Cutler Granite
          cutlermap1.jpg
          cutler1m.jpg
         1500cutlerpeg1.jpg
         1501cutlerpeg2.jpg
         1502cutlerpeg3.jpg
         301cutpeg1.jpg
         302cutgrancuttingdiab.jpg
         303cutf3schist&defpeg.jpg
         304cutpeg&passgn.jpg
         305cutamph.jpg
         306cutdiab.jpg
         307cutfolgab.jpg
         308cutfolgab2.jpg
         309cutfolgab1.jpg
         310cut f3folgab.jpg
         311cutcrossdiab.jpg
         312cutgabxen.jpg
         315cutfolgab&diab.jpg
         315cutfolgab&diabmod.jpg
         316cutgranite.jpg
         317cutf3schist&defgran.jpg
         317cutf3schist&defgranmod.jpg
         318cutdefpeg1.jpg
         319cutirregpegcont2.jpg
         319cutirregpegcont2m.jpg
         320cutpeg3.jpg
         321cutpeg3b.jpg
         322cutpeg5.jpg
         323cutf3cleav&peg.jpg
         324cut foldpeg.jpg
         325cutpeg6.jpg
         326cutfoldboudpeg7.jpg

Murray Fault - Long Lake Fault region, Sudbury
        230rheaultanast.jpg
        232arheaultflatstaurorig.jpg
        232brheaultflatstaur.jpg

Grenville Front
       grenbrodil83.jpg

Grenville
         Whitestone Anorthosite, Parry Sound
         grenshawan.jpg
         253psboudingabbro1a.jpg
         254psnfault1b.jpg
         254psnfault1bmod.jpg
         255psmafboudin1c.jpg
         256psfolgabpod2a.jpg
         257psanorthlin3a.jpg
         258psanorth3b.jpg
         259psanorth3c.jpg
         261psanorth3d.jpg
         262psanorth3e.jpg
         263psanorth3f.jpg
         264psanorth3g.jpg

Nobel Eclogite Locality
         grendiabase.jpg
         grenshawan.jpg
         265nobelamphboudin.jpg
         268nobelspotted retroeclogite.jpg
         270nobeleclogite1.jpg
         271nobeleclogite2.jpg

Shawanaga Metagabbro Locality
         grendiabase.jpg
         grenshawan.jpg
         272shawan1.jpg
         272shawan1m.jpg
         273shawangabgncont.jpg
         274shawangabb3.jpg
         275shawanmagof3.jpg
         276shawanundefgab5.jpg
         277shawan6.jpg
         277shawanbakedcont6.jpg
         278.shawanbakedcont7.jpg
         279shawanannealmig8.jpg
         280shawanmig9.jpg
         281shawan10.jpg
         281shawanmig10.jpg
         282shawanmig11.jpg
         283shawanmig12.jpg
         284shawansenmigcont13.jpg
         285shawanstraightgn14.jpg
         286shawanstgnsyencont15.jpg
         287shawanhetdefsyen16.jpg
         288shawandefsyen17.jpg
         289shawanmyl18.jpg
         290shawan19.jpg
         290shawanoutcrop19.jpg
         291shawan20.jpg
         292shawanundefsyen21.jpg
         293shawanannelpegindefsyen22.jpg
         294shawancountgneisswestsideofrd23.jpg

    Pointe de Baril Mafic Dikes
         grenshawan.jpg
         295pdebirregrheomorphdikes1.jpg
         296pdebdikes2.jpg
         296pdebfoldeddiabingrangn2.jpg
         297pdebdiabcutxeningrangn3.jpg
         298porphgrancontwgn1.jpg