ARCVIEW


                DRAWING A POLYGON IN A THEME
                IMPORTING AUTOCAD .DWG DRAWINGS INTO ARCVIEW
                PLOTTING POINT DATA AS ORIENTED GEOLOGICAL SYMBOLS
                PLOTTING  FIELDLOG STRUCTURAL DATA AS AN ARCVIEW VIEW - VIA EXCEL
                 PLOTTING ROCK TYPE DATA DIRECTLY FROM A FIELDLOG DATABASE

        THE MODULAR COMPONENTS OF ARCVIEW

    ArcView provides a means of showing maps, images (graphics), charts, and tables in a single window, and of arranging the components of a project in different ways (Layouts) ready for printing. Vector images can be drawn directly into an ArcView 'View',  imported from other GIS vector systems (e.g. Autocad), or imported as raster graphics. X, Y coordinate point data can also be imported from external databases and plotted in an ArcView view.
        Arcview Spatial Analyst provides the means to convert vector images to raster images; create raster buffers, density maps, continuous surfaces, contour, slope and aspect maps, topological relief maps, and Boolean maps; reclassify grid data and carry out map algebra, and import raster images.
        ArcView Image Analysis allows the manipulation of image data in the form of aerial photographs and remote sensed images. It is the package to be used for georeferencing, rectifying and enhancing  images, carrying out digital orthoimagery, and performing multispectral categorizations and feature extraction.
        ArcView 3D Analyst allows generation of 3-D contours and line of sight sections, draping of 2-D images (aerial and satellite photographs) over 3-D surfaces, and interactive perspective viewing. It also allows modelling in three dimensions to produce grids, TIN's, and 3-D shape files, and supports DEM's, DTED's, and NIMA.
       Spatial analyst, Image analysis, and 3-D Analyst  contain most of the functions made available by IDRISI.
        ArcView Network Analyst accesses ARC/INFO coverages, shape files and CAD drawings for topological network analysis, e.g. finding direct routes, drive-time analysis, etc.

    ARCVIEW TERMINOLOGY

      Projects
All the components of your ArcView session: views, tables, charts, layouts, and scripts are conveniently stored in one file called a project. ArcView's Project window shows you the contents of your project and makes it easy to manage all your work.
    Views
With ArcView you work with geographic data in interactive maps called views. Each view features a 'Table of Contents' which lists the Themes (spatial data sets) in the View.  Each view may contain several Themes, and each theme is composed of drawing objects of the same type (class) - points or lines or polygons or text. It is not possible to mix different classes of drawing object in a single Theme.
    Tables
Tables contain the attribute values associated with each drawing object in a Theme, and each Theme has its own Table. Click on a feature on a view, and the associated record in the table is highlighted.  Select a record in the table and the feature it represents is highlighted in the view. ArcView's tables also have a full range of features for obtaining summary statistics, sorting and querying.
    Charts
ArcView's charts offer a powerful business graphics and data visualization capability that is fully integrated into ArcView's geographic environment. You can simply click on features on a view to add them to the chart. ArcView lets you work simultaneously with geographic, tabular and chart representations of your data.
    Layouts
ArcView's layouts let you create high quality, full color maps by first arranging the various graphic elements on-screen the way you want them.   When you print a layout, any changes to the data are automatically included, so you know everything on your map will be up-to-date.
    Scripts
ArcView scripts are macros written in Avenue, ArcView's programming language and development environment. With Avenue you can customize almost every aspect of ArcView, from adding a new button to run a script you write, to creating an entire custom application that you can distribute.

    A Graphic is an abstract class representing something you can see in a layout, or in a view (other than features and images). The various subclasses encapsulate the knowledge of how to visually represent various kinds of data. For example, a GraphicShape knows how to draw a mathematical shape onto a Display. A ViewFrame knows how to draw the contents of a view into a layout document. GraphicText draws text on the display.
    Usually, Graphic objects are elements in a GraphicList associated with a View or a Layout. The GraphicList manages the graphic elements and ensures that they are redrawn when the document invalidates. If the Graphic is not an element of the view, then you must set the Graphic's display and explicitly draw the Graphic.

     THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECTS, VIEWS, LAYERS AND DRAWING OBJECTS

       A project is the file in which the work you do in ArcView is stored. A project typically contains all the view, tables, charts, layouts and scripts that you use for a particular ArcView application. A project file doesn't contain the actual data that you use in ArcView, such as spatial data in the form of  shapefiles and ARC/INFO coverages, or tabular data like dBASE files. Instead, a project stores references to the location of these data sources on disk. In this way, the same data can be used in any number of projects without duplication. When you open a project, all the components in the project are listed in the Project window. From the Project window, you can create new project components (Views, Tables, etc), open or rename existing components, or remove components from your project. When the Project window is active, menu options and buttons are available that let you perform additional operations on the project and its components.
     An Arcview Project consists of a toolbar, a project window, in which it is possible to list the Views, Tables, Charts, Layouts and Scripts attached to the project, and a View window, in which the graphic components of the drawing can be created, viewed, edited, and manipulated. The layer order of themes can be manipulated in a Table of Contents frame of the View window.
     Drawing objects in ArcView are points, straight lines, polylines, circles, rectangles, polygons, and text. Polygons are not defined topologically and the common boundaries of polygons are therefore duplicated. The coordinate properties of the drawing objects are contained in .shp files whereas attribute data tables are contained in .dbf files. (In Autocad the database tables can either be included with the .dwg files, or maintained as a separate external database.)  When you create a new drawing object (feature) in the theme, a corresponding record is automatically added to the theme’s feature attribute table, but the ID and other attribute field must be filled manually. However, while a theme is in edit mode, its table is also in edit mode, and the table can be edited simply by making the Attribute Table window and the Edit tool active. TIF image files may also added to the project as a view.
    Each  project (.apr) may contain several Views (windows), charts, Tables, Layouts, and scripts. Each View may in turn contain several themes where each theme represents one kind of information, e.g. filled state polygons, US roads (polylines), oceans, Canada, Mexico. Themes can contain only one kind of drawing object, i.e. polygons, lines, points or text. Tables of attributes can be attached to a theme, and the same table may attached so that two separate themes may be composed of the same polygon set with the same attached attribute table, e.g. population and life expectancy. The tables contain the polygon id and attributes, shape, area, perimeter, etc.
     The data record for each polygon associated with  a theme can be viewed by clicking the relevant polygon, whereas all the records associated with all the polygons in a theme can be viewed by selecting Table in the Theme menu. If the polygons have variable values, ArcView will change the colour of the polygon fill according to the values entered into the Symbol, Value and Label fields in the Legend Editor of the Theme menu. It is possible therefore to have two themes with the same polygons and attribute table, but with a different fill defined in the Legend editor.
     To copy a script from the Help file to a script file, highlight and copy the script, click the  Scripts icon followed by the Open button in the Project box, and paste the file into the script box.

        THE ARCVIEW TUTORIAL PROJECT FILES

  Project (.apr) files for World, US, Canada, Mexico and Europe, and their respective folders with data files  (.shp, .dbf, .sbx, .shx, .prj, .sbn, .avl) arecontained in J:\ESRI\Esridata.
   Document files and AVtutor are in J:\ESRI\Av_gis30\AvDoc and J:\ESRI\Av_gis30\Avtutor, repectively.  Avtutor contains two folders - Arcview and dbaccess. The Arcview  folder has Cad (with .dwg files),  Images ( with an Infrared Image of Austin, Texas), z_m-data  (measured polylines and Z values, see readmem.txt and readmez.txt files in the relevant folders), and qstart folders.
  It also has a qstart.apr file (j:\esri\av_gis30\avtutor\arcview\qstart.apr), the project configuration file for the Quick Start Tutorial,  Chapter 2 of the Using ArcView GIS book. This tutorial includes three views -  1) a map with USA, US roads, Canada, Mexico, and Ocean themes, 2) a  map of Atlanta with census tract, roads, and street themes, and 3) a world map with oceans, rivers, lakes and country polygon themes and population and life expectancy legends.
 The dbaccess folder contains a set of demographic .shp and .dbf files  for US cities, counties, and states.


                  PROCEDURES

DRAWING A POLYGON IN A THEME

    Load ArcView and accept the offer to create a new project with a new View ; decline the offer to add data to the view.
    Note that when the View window is active, there are two icon tool bars below the menu tool bar. Placing the cursor on an icon in the tool bar reveals its function.  Both tool bars will change to a different set of icons when the Project or Attribute Table windows are active (click on the title bar to make active).
    Select New Theme in the View menu, and select Polygon as the feature type in the  New theme dialog box.
    Click OK and give a name and path to the directory in which to store the View  .shp file.
    The name of the Theme will now appear in the TOC and the tick box will be outlined by a dash-lined box indicating that the Theme is in edit mode.
    (Check the Theme menu and note that one of the options is 'Stop Editing'; use this function to terminate editing in this Theme.)
    In the drag-down drawing tool list select the polygon drawing tool (lower Tool Bar, icon furthest to the right; click and hold the left mouse button,  move the cursor down to the polygon icon, and then release the button).
    Click sequentially to draw the polygon; double click to terminate drawing. The polygon will be outlined by 8 handles (small black squares) of the selection box. Click the pointer  icon (black arrow second from the left in the lower toolbar). The handles can now be used to resize the drawing object, whereas placing the cursor within the object and click-hold and dragging allows it to be moved.
        ADDING A FIELD TO THE ATTRIBUTE TABLE
    Click Table in the Theme menu. The attribute table of the view will appear; it will automatically be in edit mode.
    Click "Add Field" in the Edit menu, give the name "Rocktype" for the new field, select "string" in the Type selection list, and click OK.
        EDITING THE ATTRIBUTE TABLE
    While the attribute table window is active (selected) the Theme toolbar (the lower tool bar) is replaced by the Attribute Table tool bar. Note in particular the three icons in the centre of the lower tool bar.
    Click the Edit button on the tool bar (the middle icon with a vertical line and a black arrow in the centre of the lower tool bar), click the relevant field cell in the table and enter 1 for ID and granite for Rocktype. Press ENTER to finish, then click "Stop Editing" in the Table menu, and answer YES to Save Edits query.
        TO QUERY THE DRAWING OBJECT
    Make the View window active by clicking its Title bar; note that the View is no longer in Edit mode.
    Click the Identify button (circle with the letter i in it, extreme left of the lower tool bar), and click within the polygon; the relevant record in the attached attribute table will be brought to the screen as an "Identify results" box. Double clicking the .shp name in the box will cause the polygon to flash. Alternatively, if the 'Select Feature' tool (fourth icon from the left on the lower toolbar) is made active, clicking on an object in the View window will cause the relevant record to be highlighted in the Attribute Table.
        TO QUERY RECORDS IN THE ATTRIBUTE TABLE
    Click Table in the Theme menu (or the Table list in the Project window). The attribute Table will become active and the toolbars will change.
    Click the Select arrow tool (left icon of the three icons at the centre of the lower tool bar.)
    Click a record in the table. The related drawing object will be revealed by taking on a yellow fill.
    To deselect an object, that is to remove the yellow fill, either click the 'Clear Selected Features' icon (last but one to the right on the upper tool bar) or the 'Clear selected Features' in the theme menu.
    If a new polygon is to be added, return to edit mode and use the AutoComplete Polygon drawing tool (icon showing two polygons, one greyed and separated from the other by a line terminated with two vertices) to draw a polygon with a common boundary with the first polygon that was drawn. Click the point icon to terminate the drawing event, and edit the Attribute Table by making it active and clicking the Edit tool. Exit from Table Edit mode.

IMPORTING AUTOCAD .DWG DRAWINGS INTO ARCVIEW

        Files: map1.dwg; map1.apr

    Use the following instructions to import e:\fieldlog\map1\map1.dwg

    Before you use Autocad drawings in ArcView you must first load the CAD Reader extension, and create a blank View window.

    In Autocad, layers may be thought of as transparent overlays. You may turn layers ON or OFF to display (or to plot) only desired portions of the drawing. Although it is not required, CAD users typically organize different types of information on different layers. For example, one layer might contain outcrops, another layer might contain boundaries of a specific geologic unit,  a third layer might contain roads, a fourth layer might contain faults. In contrast ArcView organizes data in themes. Every theme contains a logical collection of features that belong to a single feature class - points, lines, polygons, or text.  The drawing objects within a theme may however be divided into groups according to the value of a given field. For example polygons representing different rock types may be shown in different colours, if the theme attribute table contains a rocktype field containing the name of the rock type.
    If the CAD drawing to be imported into ArcView includes point, line, and polygon layers, only line and polygon objects will be imported, and the distinction between polygon and polyline is lost.  If objects on an Autocad layer are frozen, or if the layers contain no data, or if the data represents points or text, the layer will not be imported.  Only layers with drawing objects will therefore be listed in the TOC of the .dwg view. Point data should be imported directly from the external database (click here).
    You may create two line themes to store streams and road features - although streams and roads are both linear features, it makes sense to bring them into two separate themes because the attributes associated with a stream might include a name, stream class, and the rate of flow, while attributes for roads might include a name, surface type, and number of lanes. Because their associated attributes differ significantly, you should add two line themes and select a subset of layers in each theme to store their respective features. You may add any number of themes from a single CAD data source.
   To create multiple themes, use the Copy Themes and Paste options in the Edit menu. To turn layers in each theme ON and OFF, use Theme Properties.

           Procedure
    1 Click the Add Theme button .
    2 In the Data Source Types box, choose Feature Data Source.
    3 Navigate to the directory that contains Supported CAD drawings you want to add. Double-click on the directory name to list the files it contains. If the drawing files are not shown in the dialog, it's possible you have forgotten to load the CAD Reader extension.
    4 Click the name of the drawing file (map1.dwg) to select the default (line) feature class, or click on the folder to display a list of available feature classes and choose the one you want to use. The default feature class is the first one listed.    Tip: to add several CAD drawings to a view at once, hold down SHIFT and click on them in the list of files.
    5 Click OK to add the theme to the view.
    6 Click on the check box next to the theme's name in the view's Table of Contents to make the theme active and to display the drawing.
    ArcView automatically adds a default legend in the view's Table of Contents. The default legend classifies features so that the color of every theme feature matches the color of its corresponding entity in the source file.  In the case of Map1.dwg, a single theme with six line drawing elements will be shown in the Table of Contents of the view window.  Only six colours are shown in the Theme Legend in the TOC because in the .dwg file only six colours are used to represent all the layers.  Furthermore, only the drawing objects on the default layers will be shown, where the default layers are those layers not frozen or hidden in the .dwg drawing.
    7 Click 'Properties' in the Theme menu and then the 'Drawing' icon in the Theme Properties box to display the list of layers in the theme. Click the All Layers button to display all layers in the drawing.
    8 Double click the theme in the TOC to bring the Legend Editor to the screen. In the drop-down 'Values Field' selection list, choose 'Layer', and then click the Apply button. The TOC will now display the names of all the layers in the theme.

      The imported .DWG file remains as a .DWG file, not a .shp file, and therefore cannot be edited in Arcview.  However, it can be converted to a shape file as a separate theme. In this case however, all objects will be represented by the same symbol with the same colour.  Consequently, it is necessary to modify the Legend in the Legend editor, selecting Unique Value as the Legend type and Layer as the Values field. The Layer name will then appear as the Value in the Legend Editor, and as a label in the Legend, and each layer symbol will have its own colour. The Layer name as seen in the TOC can also be changed using the Legend editor.
    The attributes in the attached 'Attributes of Map1.shp' table are: Shape, Entity, Layer, Elevation, Thickness, and Colour. The value in the Shape and Entity fields is shown as Polyline, Layer is the Layer name in Autocad, and Colour is the colour of the lines in Autocad. The values for Elevation and Thickness are 0.00000. Clicking a record in the table causes the relevant polyline to be highlighted in the thematic view. Conversely, clicking with the identify tool on a drawing object in the view identifies the object in the attribute table. The original Fieldlog .dbf files such as stati.dbf and struct.dbf can be viewed by adding them to the Table list in the Project box, but they are not connected to the drawing objects.
     Note: when you create a theme, ArcView does not immediately draw it on the view. This enables you to first edit the theme's legend, or change the drawing order if there are several themes.  The drawing file will always show the folder icon in the list of drawings even when the drawing contains only one feature class. For example, clicking on the folder icon on a drawing file that has no text entities will still list an annotation feature class. If you were to add a theme to your map based on this annotation class, the theme will be empty (contains no features).


PLOTTING POINT DATA AS ORIENTED GEOLOGICAL SYMBOLS

     To add an azimuth field for points added to a View as geological symbols, carry out the following procedure. (see project c:\aacrse\505\arcview\proj1.apr)
     1) Double click the theme in the TOC to get the Legend Editor, and then double click the symbol icon in the symbol box to get the Marker Manager dialog box.
     2) Click the Palette icon (right-hand side of the tool bar in Marker Manager) and then the Load button to load the geology palette j:\esri\av_gis30\arcview\symbols\geology.avp.
     3) Click the Make Default button. The ArcView geology symbols will now be available in the Marker Manager. Select one of the symbols and perhaps change its size. Click the Apply button. Any symbols already in the view window will now change to the symbol you have selected. To add an azimuth field to the attribute table, select Tables in the Project window, and double click the "Attributes of Theme?.shp" to get and make active the relevant attribute table window.
    4) In the Table menu in the Tool Bar click the Start editing option, and in the Edit menu click Add Field.
    5) In the Field definition box, provide a field name, indicate its type as number, and click OK. The new field field will be visible in the Attributes  box. Fill in the values for the field, click Stop Editing in theTable menu, and answer YES to the save Edits query?
    6) Return to the Legend Editor, click the Advanced button, and select Azimuth as the Rotation Field. click OK and then Apply in the Legend Editor. The symbols in the View window will now be oriented anticlockwise relative to the East - West direction, and dips will be left hand (anticlockwise) relative to the azimuth direction.
    7) To plot oriented symbols with the correct orientation in ArcView the azimuth values must be entered as 270 degrees less the true azimuth values. (NOTE: in geology the right-hand  rule dictates that the dip direction is right-hand (clockwise) from the azimuth direction.) Consequently, create both an Azimuth and AVazimuth fields, calculate the AVazimuth values, and use the AVazimuth field to plot the symbols.


PLOTTING  FIELDLOG STRUCTURAL DATA AS AN ARCVIEW VIEW - VIA EXCEL

            Files: exceltst1.apr;  excltst1.xls
    1) Export the ID, X, Y, azimuth, etc., data from Fieldlog to a comma delimited txt file.
     2) Import the data into an Excel spreadsheet, and create a Field called avazimuth. Fill this field with values representing 270 - the azimuth value. This converts N-S relative azimuth values into Arcview E-W relative values (see ORIENTED DATA above).
     3) Highlight the block of cells that will represent a single table in ArcView.
     From the Insert menu, choose Name and then Define to display a menu where the name of the block can be specified. Type the name excltst1 to be assigned to the highlighted cells. This is the name that will appear in the tables list on the SQL Connect dialog in ArcView. Several tables can be defined in this way on the same worksheet. A drop-down list of these tables is provided above the upper left corner of the spread sheet area. Save the spreadsheet as excltst1.xls.
     4) using the ODBC Administrator in the control panel, configure the Excel ODBC driver to access the Excel workbook file by selecting ODBC_EXCEL as the user data source; click the 'Configure' button, and then the 'Select Workbook' button, and define the path and name of the ..\excltst1.xls spreadsheet.
     5) Start ArcView and from the Project menu, choose SQL Connect. Pick the Excel ODBC connection listed in the connections drop-down list (towards the bottom) and click 'Connect'. The tables defined in the Excel workbook file will be listed in the Tables and Columns boxes. Double click the columns you wish to appear in the ArcView table, or click 'select all', they will appear in the SQL 'Select' box. Click the 'From' box and double click the file name excltst1 in the 'tables' box. It will appear in the 'From' box, and the 'Query' button will become available. Click the 'Query' button. An Arcview table will appear.
     6) Plot the data as a set of points in the view window by clicking 'Add Event theme' in the View menu. Select the fields in the relevant table to define the X and Y coordinate values.
     7) Use the Legend Editor (see ORIENTED DATA above; double click the view in the TOC frame, etc.) to change the point symbols to the desired structural symbol (bedding, foliation, etc); click the 'advanced' button and select the avazimuth field as the 'Field to rotate'. Click the 'Apply' button. The structural symbols should now plot in the correct orientation.


PLOTTING ROCK TYPE DATA DIRECTLY FROM A FIELDLOG DBF DATABASE

        Files: stati.dbf, lith.dbf, aaimptst2.apr

        NOTE 1)  when drawing objects in an Arcview Theme, an attribute table is automatically created with two fields only, a Type field and an ID field.
        NOTE 2) make sure the ODBC driver is loaded. (Go to START -> CONTROL PANEL -> ODBC and check that dBase files are listed as user data sources.

     1)  start ArcView with a new but empty view. Save the project as aaiptst2 in ..\arcview2.
     2) Make the Project window active, click tables and add stati.dbf and litho.dbf from \Fieldlog\aaimptst.
     3)  Join the two tables:
     Open the source table litho.dbf that you wish to join to the destination table stati.dbf. If the source table is not in your project, add it to your project first.
     Click on the name of the field in the source table that will be used as the common field for the link.
     Open the destination table to which you wish to link the source table.
     Click on the name of the field in the destination table that will be used as the common field for the link. This field does not need to have the same name as the one you choose in the source table, but it must contain the same data so that the link can be established.
     Choose Join from the Table menu. The fields in the litho.dbf will now be appended to the fields in stati.dbf .
     4) Plot the points according to the XY coordinates in the stati.dbf, using Add Event theme in the View menu.
     5) Get the Legend Editor, select Unique Value as the Legend Type and Rocktype as the Values field, and click the Apply button. The points plotted in the View will now be coloured according to rock type.
     6) Create a new theme by selecting New Theme in the View menu and make the New theme feature type polygon. save the New Theme in ....\arcview2.
     7) Modify the new theme's Attribute Table by clicking  Table in the Theme menu. A window "Attributes of Theme??" will be appear with a Shape and ID field.  Click Add Field in the Edit menu and Name the new field Rocktype and indicate the type to be "string".
      8) Make the View active, select the polygon draw tool, and draw the granite body.
      9) Edit the record for the granite object clicking the Table window to make it active; click the Edit tool in the Tool bar and enter the string "granite" in the rocktype field, and an ID number in the ID field..
     10) get the Legend Editor, select the Legend type as Unique Value, and the Values Field as "rocktype". Click the Apply button.
     11) complete the map by adding polygons with the AutoComplete Polygon Tool or the "Draw a line to append a new polygon adjacent to other polygons" tool