MODULE 4.1

COMMON LAW REMAINDER RULES - Introductio


You will recall that it is possible to carve up the fee simple into successive portions of time, so that persons can enjoy interests in property in succession.

Thus, a grantor can, in one conveyance, grant a life estate to A, followed by a life estate to B, followed by a fee simple to C. The latter two interests are estates in remainder.

A remainder may be defined as the estate or interest created when a person who owns the fee simple grants an interest to another person and the latter's interest is to commence in possession after the determination of a prior particular estate granted by the same instrument.

The common law did not object to remainders, so long as each successive interest would fall into possession immediately at the determination of the preceding interest. If the remainder interest could not do so, it failed because there would be no abeyance of seisin. Thus, so long as the remainder is vested by the time it has to fall into possession, it is valid.

Hence, the common law had certain rules to determine when an interest would fail because of an abeyance of seisin. In addition it had a rule that provided that one could not grant the fee simple twice. We shall examine these rules presently.

Note that these rules still apply today whenever you create remainders by deed. That is not often done anymore; most future interests arise under wills or inter vivos trusts and the common law remainder rules don't apply to them. However, you must be aware of the old rules for the odd time that you will come across them.

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