PPT Slide
Cross-Lagged Panel Correlation
coffee consumption (X) coffee consumption (X)
typing speed (Y) typing speed (Y)
Which is higher, the correlation between X at Time 1 and Y at Time 2 (correlation A) or the correlation between Y at Time 1 and X at Time 2 (correlation B)? If A is higher than B, the results support forward causation. If B is larger than A, there is support for backward causation.
Disadvantage of this method: does not test for influence of third variables.